O'neill on Global Poverty

O'Neill's Ethics

Based on Kant’s idea, emphasizing respect for individuals rather than using them.

Lifeboat Ethics

A metaphor by Hardin where wealthy nations are likened to people in a lifeboat, suggesting that helping the poor may lead to the loss of resources.

Problems with Lifeboat Ethics

Argues that helping does not always have negative consequences and that wealthy nations may exploit poorer ones.

Singer’s Argument on Famine Relief

if we can prevent suffering without harming ourselves, we have a moral obligation to do so.

Singer vs. Hardin

Singer advocates for significant aid, while Hardin warns about potential repercussions.

Government Aid Problems

Highlights that aid may benefit corrupt leaders rather than the intended beneficiaries.

Project Food Aid

Charitable food distribution that may inadvertently harm local agriculture and lead to dependency.

Superficial vs. Genuine Aid Actions

Distinguishes between altruistic helping and helping for profit.

Formula of Humanity in Aid

Emphasizes the importance of respecting the dignity of poor countries rather than exploiting them.

Grain Merchant Example

Selling food is ethical, but dishonestly inflating prices is wrong.

Justice vs. Beneficence

Justice involves not harming others, while beneficence focuses on improving their well-being.

Finite Rationality & Autonomy

Explains that poverty limits individuals' freedom and power due to lack of information.

Duties of Justice in Global Poverty

Encompasses ethical obligations like no price gouging or corruption in aid dealings.

Beneficence in Poverty Relief

Focuses on helping individuals achieve independence, not merely survival.

Kantian vs. Utilitarian Help

Contrasts utilitarian focus on overall happiness with Kantian respect for individual dignity.