Old Testament Prophets- Exam 5

Key concept of Isaiah

Immediate Doom but Ultimate Comfort and Salvation

Key concept of Jeremiah

The Demise of Judah but the Preservation of a Remnant

Key concept of Lamentations

Tears for Jerusalem

Kay concept of Ezekiel

Judgment but Restoration

Key concept of Daniel

The Lord's Sovereignty over the Nations

Key concept of Hosea

The Lord's faithful love for an unfaithful people

Key concept of Joel

The Day of the Lord

Key concept of Amos

Judgment of Israel

Key concept of Obadiah

The Fall of Edom

Key concept of Jonah

The Lord's mercy to Nineveh

Key concept of Micah

The Injustice of Israel and Judah

Key concept of Nahum

The Destruction of Nineveh

Key concept of Habakkuk

The Lord is Fair in His Judgment

Key concept of Zephaniah

Universal Judgment

Key concept of Haggai

Rebuilding of the temple

Key concept of Zechariah

Preparation for the Messiah

Key concept of Malachi

Spiritual Callousness Exposed and Rebuked

Micah

Prophecy is addressed to Israel and Judah, written during the "Assyrian Crisis" when the Assyrians oppressed Israel and Judah

Personal Details and other distinctive features of Micah

From Moresheth (probably Moresheth-Gath), The prophet who uses word plays (puns/paranomasis)

The "Assyrian Crisis"

Period of Intense pressure on Israel and Judah from Assyria

Nahum

Prophecy is addressed to Nineveh, written about a century after Jonah during the period of Assyrian dominance

Personal details and other distinctive features of Nahum

An Elkoshite; prophesied that the destruction of Nineveh was certain

Elkoshite

probably meaning person was from Elkosh

Nineveh

Assyrian capital

Assyrians (in relation to the book of Nahum)

They were to be judged by God, they were known for their brutality and would be judged without mercy

No-Amon

Netter known by the Greek title 'Thebes," city was destroyed and God said Nineveh was going to be just like this city

Habakkuk

Prophecy is addressed to Judah, written shortly before the fall of Jerusalem because of the increasing wickedness in Judah

Personal details and other distinctive features of Habakkuk

Only mentioned in his book, The prophet who dialogued with God/asked God questions, Ends his book with a psalm of trust

Babylonians (in relation to the book of Habakkuk)

Prophesied by Habakkuk that this city would come and judge the wickedness of Judah; God would also hold them accountable and responsible for their actions towards the people of God

Theodicy

issue of trying to reconcile the good character of God with the presence of evil and injustice in the world

Zephaniah

Prophecy is addressed to Judah, written shortly before the fall of Jerusalem

Personal details and other distinctive features of Zephaniah

Probably from the royal family; a descendant of King Hezekiah

Hezekiah (in relation to the Zephaniah)

Father of Zephaniah, well-known king of Judah

Haggai

Prophecy is addressed to Postexilic Judah, written during the postexilic era before the temple was rebuilt

Personal details and other distinctive features of Haggai

Among the first wave of returnees from captivity, may have seen the first temple, Gave four messages (all dated to 520 BC), encouraged the people to restart the rebuilding of the temple, the people responded postively to his message, the older companion of Zechariah

Postexilic Period

After the exile, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi minister in this period, challenging time for the people of God

Zerubbabel

the postexilic governor that helped lead the rebuilding of the temple

Zechariah

Prophecy is addressed to postexilic Judah, written during the postexilic era

Personal details and other distinctive features of Zechariah

The son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo, from a priestly family, among the first wave of returnees from captivity, Associated with Haggai, Proclaimed apocalyptic-like visions, Second only to Isaiah in the number of Messianic prophecies among the prophetic books, The longest of the minor prophets, Unity of the book contested

Joshua

the postexilic high priest, Zechariah sees a vision of him receiving pure garments purifying the priesthood

Triumphal Entry

Prophecy in Zechariah that the Messiah would come into Jerusalem riding on a donkey

Thirty pieces of silver

Prophecy in Zechariah that is fulfilled in the betrayal of Jesus where Judas receives 30 pieces of silver and then casts it to the potter's house

The pierced Messiah

Prophecy in Zechariah that they would Look on whom they have pierced (futuristic)

The Mount of Olives (in relation to the book of Zechariah)

Prophecy in Zechariah concerning the return of the Messiah to the Mount of Olives, important promise when thinking about Jesus' second coming

Malachi

Prophecy is addressed to postexilic Judah, written during the postexilic era after the temple was rebuilt and ritualistic worship set in

Personal details and other distinctive features of Malachi

His names taken by some to be a title rather than a personal name, Uses the disputation form, The last of the Old Testament books to have been written

Disputation form

6 in Malachi, Shows faulty thinking of the people

Jacob and Esau (in relation to the book of Malachi)

God said that He had chosen Jacob over Esau

The Lord hates divorce

Malachi 2:16

The great and dreadful day of the Lord

refers to Christ's return; Christ will dramatically return to the earth to judge all who forget God, including ungodly Latter-day Saints;

Elijah (in relation to the book of Malachi)

Precursor in the OT in Malachi, will prepare the way for the messiah

Micah 5

The birth of the Messiah in Bethlehem

Habakkuk2

The just shall lie by faith

Zechariah 9

The humble entry of the Messiah into Jerusalem

Zechariah 14

The second coming of the Messiah to the Mount of Olives

Malachi 4

The promise of Elijah

Micah meaning

"Who is like Yahweh?"

Nahum meaning

"Comfort"

Habakkuk meaning

"Embrace"

Zephaniah meaning

"Yahweh hides"

Haggai meaning

"Festal"

Zechariah meaning

"Yahweh remembers"

Malachi meaning

"My messenger"

Postexilic Prophets

Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi

Preexilic Prophets

Isaiah, Jeremiah, Hosea, Amos, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah

Recipients of Micah

Israel and Judah, specifically the leaders, prophets, and priests

Condemnation of Israel's Corrupt Leaders

They were guilty of taking advantage of the people, they had butchered the people like animals

Date of Nahum

Written before the city of Thebes was rebuilt

Woes upon Nineveh in Nahum

the destruction was not arbitrary, the Assyrians and Nineveh were blood-thirsty and evil

Recipients of Habakkuk

the faithful remnant of Judah

Genre of Habakkuk

chapters 1-2 are dialogue between the prophets and the Lord; chapter 3 is a psalm

Habakkuk's first question

How can the Lord stand by when wickedness abounds?

The Lord's response to Habakkuk's first question

The Lord would raise up the Babylonians to bring judgment

Habakkuk's second question

How can God use a people more wicked than Judah?

The Lord's response to Habakkuk's second question

Justice would be served, the just shall live by faith; the Lord would hold the Babylonians accountable; Babylon was an instrument of chastisement

Haggai and Zechariah

Prophets who got the Jews to resume the work on the temple after stopped 16 years

Four

Number of messages in Haggai

Haggai's second message

The encouragement of the Lord's Presence; the present temple paled in comparison to the first; the glory of the latter temple would surpass the former

Haggai's Fourth message

An assurance of a Future Kingdom

Zechariah

The longest Minor Prophet

A message of restoration in Zechariah

the Lord would return to Zion with Favor

Date of Malachi

postexilic; the temple was functioning; probably after Nehemiah's terms as governor, probably the last OT book to be written