Film Editing, Lighting, and Sound: Final Exam Review for CDM 115

What is the date and time of the final exam?

Tuesday, December 9 at 10:15 AM

What types of questions will be on the final exam?

True/False, Multiple Choice, Short Answer, Extra Credit

What is the definition of editing in film?

Editing is the selection and arrangement of shots within a film.

What is a shot in film editing?

A shot is the unit created from the point where you start rolling the camera to the point where you cut.

What is continuity editing?

Continuity editing ensures that the spatial and temporal relationships in a scene remain consistent.

What are the key elements filmmakers must ensure during shooting for continuity?

Realistic eye lines, consistent lighting, consistent props and characters, and overlapping action.

What is the 180 Degree Rule?

A guideline that maintains spatial relationships by keeping the camera on one side of an imaginary line drawn along the axis of action.

What happens if the 180 Degree Rule is broken?

Actors may appear to look in opposite directions, confusing spatial relationships.

How can the 180 Degree Rule be broken without confusing the viewer?

By showing the camera move across the axis, placing the camera on the line, or using a cutaway shot.

What is an establishing shot?

A shot used to establish the setting of the scene, typically a wide shot.

What is the shot/reverse shot technique?

A technique of cutting back and forth between shots on either end of the axis of action.

What is matching action or cutting on action?

An editing technique where a cut is made during movement to create a continuous flow of action.

What is depth of field (DOF)?

The zone where the image appears acceptably sharp, extending from in front of to behind the subject.

What is critical focus?

The area of the frame that is in the sharpest focus.

How can depth of field be controlled?

By changing the size of the object in the frame or adjusting the f-stop.

What effect does a larger object have on depth of field?

The larger the object appears, the smaller the depth of field.

What effect does a smaller aperture have on depth of field?

A smaller aperture (larger f-stop number) results in greater depth of field.

What is hard light in cinematography?

Hard light creates crisp, defined shadows and is similar to direct sunlight on a clear day.

What is soft light?

Light that is diffused, creating few shadows and illuminating a larger area.

What characterizes hard light?

Hard light sources are relatively small compared to the subject and create sharp shadows.

How can hard light be softened?

By bouncing it off a large surface like a ceiling or wall.

What does contrast refer to in lighting?

The difference between the brightest and darkest spots in a video image.

What is high contrast lighting?

Lighting that creates pools of light dominated by shadows.

What is low contrast lighting?

Lighting that provides even illumination, not dominated by dark shadows.

What is frontal light?

Light that throws shadows behind the subject, creating a flat perspective.

What effect does side light have?

It creates dimensionality by sculpting features with shadows.

What is the purpose of back light?

To create an outline of the subject, separating it from the background.

What is top lighting?

Light that throws shadows downwards, creating shadows in the eye area.

What is under lighting?

Light that throws shadows upwards, creating unnatural shadows.

What is low key lighting?

Lighting that shows dramatic, selective lighting with prominent shadows.

What is high key lighting?

Lighting that shows a bright scene with an abundance of diffused light.

What are the three components of three-point lighting?

Key light, fill light, and back light.

What is the function of the key light?

It is the main source of light in a scene, illuminating the subject.

What does the fill light do?

It fills in the shadows created by the key light.

What is the purpose of the back light in three-point lighting?

To separate the subject from the background and add depth.

What is white balance in video cameras?

Adjusting the camera to reproduce a white object as white on the screen.

How is the color of light measured?

In degrees Kelvin.

What is the Kelvin temperature of tungsten light?

3200 degrees Kelvin (3200K).

What is the Kelvin temperature of daylight balanced light?

5600 degrees Kelvin (5600K).

What does amplitude measure in sound?

The height of a sound wave, which corresponds to loudness or volume.

How are decibels related to amplitude?

Decibels (dB) measure the relative loudness of a sound.

What is the threshold of hearing in decibels?

0 dB.

What is the threshold of pain in decibels?

130 dB.

What is dynamic range in sound?

The ratio of the softest sound to the loudest sound a device can handle.

What is pitch in sound?

The highness or lowness of a sound, measured by the frequency of sound waves.

What is the unit used to measure sound frequency?

Hertz (Hz).

What is the frequency range of the human ear?

Approximately 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.

What is the difference between bass and treble sounds?

Bass refers to lower frequency sounds, while treble refers to higher frequency sounds.

What is an omnidirectional microphone?

A microphone that responds equally to sounds from all directions.

What is a cardioid microphone?

A microphone most sensitive to sounds from the front, less sensitive to the sides and behind.

What is a hypercardioid microphone?

A microphone that is even less sensitive to sounds from the sides and behind.

What is a bi-directional microphone?

A microphone that is equally sensitive to sounds coming from in front and behind.