Theories of Religion (Marxism)

What is Karl Marx’s famous quote describing religion?

"Religion is the opium of the people."

According to Marxists, what does religion provide to the working class to dull the pain of exploitation?

A "mystical fog" or "illusory happiness" that makes suffering bearable (like a drug).

How does religion act as an Ideological State Apparatus (ISA) according to classical Marxism?

It teaches false consciousness by justifying the existing class hierarchy and making the capitalist system seem inevitable or divinely ordained.

Give one Marxist concept that describes the separation of workers from the products of their labour and from each other, which religion helps to mask.

Alienation.

Give a major criticism of classical Marxism regarding religion and social change.

Which Neo-Marxist sociologist argued that religion has relative autonomy from the ruling class and can be a revolutionary force?

Otto Maduro (using the example of Liberation Theology).