Psychopathology CH 14

Institutionalization (historical use)

-state hospitals: Public mental hospitals in the United States, run by the individual states.

Milieu therapy (description, theoretical orientation)

A humanistic approach to institutional treatment based on the premise that institutions can help patients recover by creating a climate that promotes self-respect, responsible behavior, and meaningful activity.

Token economy (description, examples, limitations, generalization vs. extinction)

A behavior-focused program in which a person's desirable behaviors are reinforced systematically by the awarding of tokens that can be exchanged for goods or privileges.

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Lobotomy (early prefrontal leukotomy vs. later transorbital lobotomy)

drilling holes in skull with icepick looking thing vs. needle through the eye

Antipsychotic drugs (discovery, treatment of choice)

-Drugs that help correct grossly confused or distorted thinking.

-first-generation: The initial group of antipsychotic drugs, developed throughout the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Also known as neuroleptic drugs.

-second-generation: A relatively newer group of antipsychotic drugs whose biological action is different from that of the first-generation antipsychotic drugs. Also known as atypical antipsychotic drugs.

Extrapyramidal side effects

Unwanted movements, such as severe shaking, bizarre-looking grimaces, twisting of the body, and extreme restlessness, sometimes produced by antipsychotic drugs. Also known as antipsychotic medication-induced movement disorder.

Parkinsonian symptoms

Undesired response to anti-psychotic drugs that resembles Parkinson's disease, including tremors, akinesia, muscle rigidity, akathesia, and lack of mood expression.

Tardive dyskinesia (description, example)

Extrapyramidal effects involving involuntary movements that some patients have after they have taken antipsychotic drugs for an extended time.

Antipsychotic drugs (types, most widely used)

-First-generation:

-Second-generation: MOST WIDELY USED...clozapine/clozaril, risperidone/risperdal, olanzapine/zyprexa, quetiapine/seroquel, ziprasidone/geodon, apriprazole/abilify

Clozaril (clozapine) and agranulocytosis

-agranulocytosis: A life-threatening drop in white blood cells. This condition is sometimes produced by the second-generation antipsychotic drug clozapine.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (purpose in schizophrenia treatment)

-cognitive remediation: A treatment that focuses on the cognitive impairments that often characterize people with schizophrenia— particularly their difficulties in attention, planning, and memory.

coordinated specialty care (CSC)

A treatment approach for people with severe mental disorders in which clinicians provide interventions ranging from therapy and practical advice to medication monitoring, housing guidance, and vocational counseling.

Family therapy (high levels of expressed emotion)

Because they live with family, this causes extra stressors on whole family

Social therapy schizophrenia

problem solving, decision making, social skills training, medication management, employment counseling, financial assistance, housing

deinstitutionalization

The discharge of large numbers of patients from long-term institutional care so that they might be treated in community programs.

Assertive community treatment (description, components)

A community approach for people with severe mental disorders in which a multidisciplinary team provides interventions ranging from medications and therapy to residential and vocational guidance.

community mental health center

A treatment facility that provides medication, psychotherapy, and emergency care for psychological problems and coordinates treatment in the community.

supervised group house

A residence for people with schizophrenia or other severe problems, often staffed by paraprofessionals. Also known as halfway house, crisis house, or group home.

Partial hospitalization schizophrenia

day centers/hospitals where they come during the day and go home at night

Case management (description, role and tasks)

case manager: A community therapist who offers and coordinates a full range of services for people with severe mental disorders, including therapy, advice, medication supervision, guidance through the community system, and protection of patients' rights.

Homelessness and schizophrenia statistics

140,000 homeless people because of sever mental disorder, typically schizophrenia

Advocacy groups (National Alliance on Mental Illness [NAMI])

made up largely of families and people affected by severe mental disorders. support, information, lobbying force in legislation