Q3: FINAL DISS MIDTERMS Reviewer

Humanities

• generally refers to art, literature, music, architecture, dance, and theater — areas in which human subjectivity is emphasized and individual expensiveness is dramatized

• importance of human being an feelings

• records man’s experiences, values, sentiments, ideas, and goals

Social

relating to human society and how it is organized

Science

study of physical/natural world and phenomena using systematic observation and experiment

Social Science

deals with human behavior in its social and cultural aspects

Applied Social Science

the study of society we live in and the relationships people have in the society

Sociology

study of human societies, their interactions, and the processes that preserves them and changes them

Anthropology

study of the cultural, social, and physical development of humans

Psychology

study of mental states and processes and behavior in humans and other animals

Demography

statistical study of human populations

Political Science

systematic study of governance by the application of empirical and generally scientific methods of analysis

Economics

study of how people allocate scarce resources for production, distribution, and consumption

History

study of past happenings in all aspects

Linguistics

study of languages

Micro Level Approach

• individuals as level of analysis

• social interactions

• small patterns

Rational Choice Theory and Symbolic Interactionism

Micro Level Approach ideas and concepts:

Macro Level Approach

• social aggregate (collection of people who share physical location)

• social structure, social institutions, political and economic change

• large patterns

• broader social phenomena = whole social structure & system and phenomena

Structural Functionalism

Macro Level Approach ideas and concepts:

Large Systems

• nations

• legal systems

• economies

Small Systems

• families

• relationships

• individuals

Rational Choice Theory

• why people act or behave in the way they do

• people usually do what they believe to have the overall best outcome

• individuals’ actions are based on their preferences, beliefs, and feasible strategies

3 Pillars of RCT

1. strategies/courses of action

2. preferences over the end-statesto which combinations of actions chosen by the various players lead

3. beliefs about important parameters

Symbolic Interactionism

sociological framework that focuses on different meanings individuals attach to objects, peoples, and interactions.

Gestures

• Posture, tone of voice, voice interactions, hands and facial movements

• conveys significance

• they can either accentuate or contradict what we are saying

unintentional and without conscious meaning

Gestures according to mead:

Self

• The subject of one’s own experience of phenomena, perceptions, emotions, and thoughts.

• Definition of one’s character, abilities, and attitude, especially in relation to persons or things outside oneself.

• Consist of self-knowledge, self-esteem, self-concept and social self.

Threefold Gesture

Process of self-discovery is enacted through this:

Play Stage; Game Stage; Generalized Other

Enumerate the 3 (three) steps of Threefold Gesture in order:

Play Stage

Young children identify key features with their environments to which they have been exposed and replicate the behaviors that correspond with such roles.

e.g. a child applies lipstick with a object mimicking its mother or rubbing face with object to mimick father shaving

Game Stage

Children extrapolate from the vantage point of the roles they have simulated by assuming the roles that their counterpart concurrently undertake.

Generalized Other

Refers to widespread cultural norms and values we use as reference in evaluating ourselves.

Symbol

Stimuli that is abstract and abritrary

Sign

fixed single and concrete meaning regardless of context

Mead

According to ___:

1. Humans act toward things based on the meanings they give to it

2. The thing’s meaning is derived from social interaction that one has with others

3. The meaning is handled and modified through an interpretative process

Meaning is important; symbolic references are molded through Socialization; cultural dimension intertwines with symbolic educational development.

Enumerate the 3 (three) overarching Principles of Symbolic Interactionism ACCORDING TO MEAD:

MII; SRAMTS; CDIWSED

Blummer

According to __:
- Meaning isn’t inherent in objects
- Humans adjust meaning they assign to people

Meaning; Language; Thought

Enumerate the 3 (three) overarching Principles of Symbolic Interactionism ACCORDING TO BLUMMER:

Meaning

People act towards other things based on this:

Language

This provides meaning to humans by means of symbols

Thought

Interpretations assigned to symbols

Structural Functionalism

➔ Parts of the whole system may vary in terms of function but they are related to each other.

➔ One goal is needed to maintain or keep the whole system.

➔ Working on one part would affect other parts.

Parsons, Weber, & Durkheim

Developed Structural Functionalism

Family; Government; Education; Religion; Economy

Enumerate the five (5) social institutions:

Family

the basic unit of society and the educational system where the child begins to learn.

Government

institution which solves the conflicts that are public in nature and involve more than one people.

Education

form of learning in which knowledge, skills, and habits of groups of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training or research.

Religion

system of belief and rituals that serve to bind people together through shared worship

Economy

An economic system encompasses many institutions, agencies, entities, decision-making processes, and patterns of consumption that comprise the economic structure of a given community.

Robert Merton

He expanded the concept of social structure, wherein any social structure may have function

• Everything that existed had a reason

Manifest and Latent

Enumerate the 2 (two) types of functions:

Manifest Function

recognized and intended consequence

Latency Function

unrecognized and unintended consequence