Historical torture and maybe US I

Other name for Lyceum address and author

The perpetuation of our political institutions by Abe Lincoln

Where was TPOOPI given

Springfield Illonois, to a group of well educated young men

What political party was lincoln

whig in the HOR

does the lyceum take a strong stance on slavery

no. tiptoes around it the law will decide

Parts of TPOOPI

• the beautiful land bequeathed onto us by the founders, we must transmit it

• enemy is on the rise

• mob rule

• compare and contrast patriots (only mentions Washington by name) and detifies previous generationes

• our only hope is to follow the law and to teach reverence to future generations

  • if a law is bad, change it

In TPOOPI we will die by

suicide

pilliars in TPOOPI we must follow

reason, evidence, and logic

in TPOOPI Lincoln claims we have what kind of government

idle

examples used in TPOOPI

• Mississippi gamblers

  • alr, better off they died

  • but they were following the laws

• everyone hanged like Spanish moss

• St. Lous Mclntosh

  • within hours of being free he was tied to a tree and burned alive

  • well the way it was as it could ever be

• Elijah Lovejoy

  • tried to write and got his printing press thrown in the river and shot

Regarding the mob in TPOOPI

• no one is safe, eventually they will make a mistake

• our do-nothing government encourages participation by not taking action to enforce consequences

• men of intelligence will become alienated by the government

• men of talent and ambition will swoop in during the chaos, “rescue us” and enslave us faster than we can blink to their new strict laws on their neverending quest for distinction.

accoding to Lincoln in TPOOPI, what did we have in the revolution that helped us before, but now should be tossed

fires of passion

in TPOOPI, time is compared to

• wall

• hurricane

• trees

Election of 1800

Crisis of 1800, 2nd Rebellion (switch to DR), Bloodless revolution, America’s Democratic Experiment

• Tie between two DR

• Bur vs Jefferson (73 each)

• Hamilton supports Jefferson and is horrified at the amount of support Burr has

• Someone submits a blank Ballot for Burr in the HOR

• Feds debate on having no one in so there would be a interregnum government led by lame duck federalists

  • VA and PA should storm DC

  • states would leave

Justices of a peice/midnight judges

right before Fed Congress and presidents leave in 1801, they appoint a bunch of federal judges for life as an attempt for Federalists to stay relevant

• Angerd Jeff and Madision

• Marshall (secretary of state in 1800) is in charge of delivering appointments

• Job falls in Madison’s lap bc Marshall failed his duty

  • Madison wants to deliver but Jefferson said fuck no

• Marbury is like dude where tf is my appointment

Jefferson other name

sage of monticello

Jefferson’s temrs

1801-1809

12th amendment

VP was not second place, rather it was moved to a separate ballot

After Jefferson was elected, republican country lasted from

1800-1824

Jefferson ideas

• Pay states debts with federal money

• Cut federal budget

• reduce national debt

• end Allien and Sedition acts

• reduce army/navy

• end wiskey tax

• Laaissex faire central govenment- hands off

• Frugality

Marbury vs MadisonLandmark case 1803

• Established judicial review

• Judiciary act of 1784 is unconstitutional

• Gives the court the ability to decide if lasw are constitutional or not. Can nullify.

• This power is not clearly stated in the constitution

• Wasn’t used again until Dred Scott case

• MAdison W

Roles in Marbury vs Madison

JA- lame duck who appointed judges

MAr- guy who was supposed to get appointment, plaintiff who sues for his papers

JEff- president elect who refused to give papers

MAd- secretary of state, defendent

Marsh- ironic bc it was his fault but he decided the ase

Barbary Coast

North coast of Africa where pirate would not attack previously because we were under the British. British paid tribute and had the fiercest navy in the world

Tangier, Algeirs, Tunis, Tripoli

Under Ottoman empire

• capture and harass American shiping

  • bc we did not have protection

• Our navy sucked so we didn’t do anything

  • 1800s- Jefferson puts a stop to it

• America refused to pay tribute

  • the more frequent we pay, the more they ask for

  • pirates stole our cargo and enslave people for ransom

First Barbary War 1804

• US attack Tripoli Harbor

• First time we went overseas to fight an enemy

• Led by US Navy Officer- Stephen Decoutur

• Scuttled and captured the 36 gun USS Philadelphia to remove it from enemy hands after it ran aground in the reef in 1803 and its people were captured.

• Burned it to the ground; womp womp

Derna (Barbary coast war)

1805

• 8 Americans hire 500 mercenaries (international) to take out pirates

• Led by Eaton travel across Sahara desert 500mi to sneak up from behind. supplied by ship midway

• first time American flag was raised on foreign soil in victory contributing to our national confidence

• Not unconditional surrender

  • peace treaty to end war

  • yes to ransom

  • no to tribute

• 10k payed to Eaton at time of Burr trial

• Significance: America will use our military to defend commercial and national lands around the rold. Loose construction

2nd barbary war 1815-1816

our kick ass navy shut them down quick

Non-Importation laws

• Banned British goods

  • bc Britain impressed 10,000 of our sailors

    • in the name of deserters and citizenship

  • stealing

  • giving weapons and rhetoric to NA

• British were in Detroit, Canada, and Florida

• Jefferson does all he can to AVOID WAR

Embargo act 1807

US ships can not trade in all foreign ports

Banned importation of British goods and British ships in the harbor.

Punished us the most, especially new England who lost their livelyhood. This boosted Federalists support and federalism. Also encouraged smuggling

Jefferson sends troops to Canada and Champlan both ARMY and NAVY to block our own ships. 30,000 sailors unemployed, price down.

Repeals it at the end bc he knows its mad

Who was against Embargo act and rioted

New York

Louisiana Purchase

• Jefferson sends Livingston and Monroe to negotiate with France

• France, USA, and Spain involvement

• boarder of Mississippi river, red river, and rocky mountains

• Port of New Orleans in most important

  • France wants to sell to finance their Napolionic war with Britian

  • Hati revolted

  • low value and americans would take anyways

• 2/10 million offer but settle on 15 million for 15 states (3-4 cents per acre)

• a governor appointed by Jefferson to have a territory as free as they could handle

problems with Lousiana purchase

• many claimed it unconstitutional (ironic bc Jefferson was a strict constructionalist”

• competition for federalists

• upset that it helped France over britian

• did not like catholics

Governance Acts 1804-1805

• Outlaws the internation slave trade and stated that as soon as the Territory of Orleans had 60,000 free residents it could petition for state hood

• This precluded the constitational due date of 1808

• Southerners were happy because this appreaciated the value of their slaves

What flows up the Mississippi river

manufactured goods

Lewis and Clark 1804-1806

• Hired to travel from St. Louis to the Pacific Ocean

• Scientific/Trade expedition

• Took rivers: Misissippi, Missouri, Yellowstone, Snake, Colombia

• @fort Mandan they met Sacajewea and her French Husband

  • shashonee, hidasta, mandan

  • instrumental in translations, trade, safe passage

• When they reached the pacific ocean, they made claims for Pacific NW/Oregan territory and established Fort Clatsop

• Only one man died early from apendicitis

• Corps of Discovery

Zebulon Pike

explore SW LT. Found Pikes Peak CO, never climbed it just named it.

He wandered into Spanish territory and arrested in 1807 but eventually released. War sabers were rattling, they knew about the Burr conspiracy.

Bro found out more from inside the prision than actually travelling

Essex Junto

• Small elitest group of Federalists NE

• Concered about anti-british policies

• do not like all the new people

• mad about feds power waning

• think it will lead to the fall of the country just like ROme

• Threatened secession from 1800s-1812

greatest gift from John Adams to America

John Marshall

XYZ affair

• Adams sends a 3 man commission

• French agents demand a 250k bribe just to talk to “silk stocking” Tallyrand (french minister)

• americnas shocked and angered

  • Quasi war (unofficial war)- fought in the carribian

Alien and Sedition acts

Alien

• Prevention of immigration into America, these people favored DR

• Border of war with France and there were so many French people coming in

• 5→14 years for citizenship

• With no trial, president can deport or imprision any foreigner who poses a threat

Sedetion act

• Can not write negative about government in the news

Virginia and Kentucky Resolves

Jefferson and Madison’s response to the alien and sedition acts

• States can nullify laws they did not find constitutional because states made the constitution

Articles of constitution and what they mean

Article 1: Legeslative branch

Article 2: Executive branch

Article 3: Judiciary Branch

Article IV Relationships Between the States.

Article V Amending the Constitution.

Article VI Supreme Law.

Article VII Ratification.

Madison gave a speech to congress in 1812

• Apparent he wants to go to war, but he’s close to election year

• British cruisers taken us on the great highway of nations and impressing us and forcing us to fight for British on our own coast

• goods are seized by prise courts and are taken by British while transporting

• insists British do this to preserve their monopoly

• similar to Patrick henrys speech, we want to be neutral but britian is provoking us

• congress can take us to war and we are capable; feds are against it

Where does it say Congress can declare war

Article 1, section 8, clause 3

Need a simple majority

War of 1812

• war for soverenigty

• second battle for independence

• Battle of Tippecanoe (1811) W

  • Tecumsuh seeks war with w/ U.S

  • Tecumsuh and British Alliance for the War of 1812

• Leipzig- Napoleon looses, so British can focus on us

• Fort Detriot (Aug 1812) Embarassing L

  • British lout of Detriot. Tecumsuh and British surround Detriot and make it seem like they had more people than they actually did.

  • Surrender with no shots

• Lake Eerie (Sep 1813)

  • Oliver Perry (Am gen) won on the water with boats made from hand. Opens up the land route for William H Harrison

• Battle of Thames River (Oct 1813)

  • William H Harriosn chases the british and tecumsuh and kills TECUMSUH. Breaks the British and NA support. British leave us alone in the NW

• Plattsbergh (@ Champlain) (Sep 11 1814) W

  • we beat them bad enough on the water that they consider peace

USS constitution

• Naval ship approved by Washington,

• so strong that cannonballs will be deflected

• used to inforce no slave trade

The Great American Trimuirate

Henry Clay- West/KY 1806

• war hawk

John Calhoun- South/SC 1810

• war hawk

Daniel Webster- NE/MA/NH 1813

• fed, national repub, whig

• strict onstitutionalist

• hartford convention

  • succession

Peace Treaty war of 1812

12/24/1814

Treaty of Ghent, Belgium

Era of Monroe is also called 1816-1824

era of good feelings

Rush-Bagot Pact (1818)

Rush- Us secretary of State

Bagot- British minister

• Signed by Monroe and George III

-Demilitarize the Great Lakes (coast guard still there)

-John Quincy Adams was the minister to Great Britain that suggested it

Adams Onis Treaty (1819)

Onis- Spain

Florida was bought for $ 5 million after Jackson’s terror spree and Spain gives up claims to Oregon Territory

US gave up claims to Texas

Mastered

Monroe Docterine (1823)

• European powers were to stay out of the affairs on American continents and we would stay out of Europe

  • includes Russia and the Holy Alliance (JQA)

• Written by JQA

• Britain supports it so they establish trade with ex-spanish colonies

  • yay, no mercantilism!

Market Revolution (1820-1830s)

• Linking goods and products across regions of America

  • NE manufactured, S&W produced raw materials

• Roads, Canals, railroads and other infastructure helped us

• Water power→steam power; precision parts→ mass production

• American System (Henry Clay)

National Road/Cumberland Road/Route 40

• connected St Louis and Baltimore

• Made by man-power

Eerie Canal (1818-1825)

Buffalo NY to Albany NY

• Trusted by govenor DeWitt Clinton (on $1000 bill). Clintons ditch.fally

• Connected Hudson to NYC to atlantic to the world

• Cost millions and made by immigrants

• Inspired Ohio Susquehanna, and CD cannals

• 15 yrs, NYC busiest port in America >Boston+Balt+NewOrl

• NY a behemoth

• fallen off due to other methods

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Allows/limits slavery and divides Lousiana purchase line at 36-30. All of Arkanas and Oklahoma. Maine as free for Missouri slave.

11 free vs 11 slave

keep balance of the senate

temporary solution /subside sectional feelings for 30 years

Kansas Nebraska Act (1854)

by:Stephan Douglas

• splits nebraska territoy and gives us Kansas

• Kansas transcontinental railroad- chicago

• popular sovereignty bends to southern will take back compromise 34 years later

• maybe to line his own pockets

• congress gives up leadership on slavery; pro-slavery legeslation passes

Compromise of 1850

• popular sovereignty in Mexico session stuff

• free california that had pop for statehood

• slave holding but no trade in DC

• strong and federally enforced Fugetivs slave law

• judge is paid more to call a man a slave

• makes unconstitutional laws against it

Wilmont Provision

efforts by anti-slavery congressmen to ban slavery in the land gained from the Mexican cession

• divide widens between slavery and free states.

• goes to senate bc the split land means split representing

• fails but there is fear of north>south

• popular soverignty declared + kansas

• south is mad at this plan bc they fought for it

  • proclaimation of 1763

  • in California: russia takes north of CA and Spain is south

Bleeding Kansas

violent fight between slave holders and abolitionists due to the ruling of popular soverginty. PErvasion of democracy. over 200 died

Lecompton compromise

southern pro-slavery advocates for Kansas statehood

• protecting slave holding; excluded Free Blacks from Bill of Rights

  • VETOED and REJECTED

Lewis Tappan (NY) 1834

home sacked, worked with JQA for slaves freedom in the Amistad case

Garrison (MA) 1835

nerly lynched by a mob in Boston. Against the Constitution, burnt it and tore it up. The Liberator

Eligah Lovejoy (IL) 1837

murdered after protecting his printing press. Inspired John Brown

Fredrick Douglas

• Escaped slave (sailor clothes, New York to MA)

• accomplished orator- help popular opinion

• strong in abolition

• refugee in Europe

• North Star Newspaper

• Social reformer for radical injustice nad womens rights

• w/ Garrison and Lincoln- ambassador to HAti under BH

Harriet Tubman

nurse, spy, conductor for undergrown railroad. Held a weapon. Over 300 helped and never lost anyone. Nickname of Moses,. Bounty of $40,000

Dred Scott

One of the worst Supreme Court Cases.

• travels with doctor and dies so he gets past down to his daughters husband

• sues for his freedom because he spent time in Minnesota,

• Rodger Taney: the Cheif justice; catholic. Rules that slaves do not have citizens rights; just because you live there you are not free; 5th amendment, they are property and do not have rights, it is the governments duty to protect property;

  • slave country

    • Missouri Compromise is uncosntitutional

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Uncle Tom’s Cabbin. Best seller on Earth, more in Europe. Saw children being removed from parents. Humanized slavery. Father shipped guns to bleeding Kansas

JQA and abolition

only abolitionist president

John Brown was a failed

businessman

• NY state african American sanctuary

• land given to him by Gerrit Smith in Adirondick Mountains

John Brown inspiration

• elijah lovejoy

• Die for the cause

• Fug Slav Law

• Bleeding Kansas fighting

• defeat Ssatan and legions

• Charles Sumner (MA) beaten unconscious out of senate by a SC

Lawrence KAnsas and John Brwown

• Pro slavery raiders sack a town in an orgy of burning and looting

• Catylist for John Brown

• tired of hearing the work “caution'“

Pottawatomie Creek massacre

• Retaliation to Lawrence

• hacked 5 pro-slavery to death with cutlasses

• no regrets: God is the judge

• in response to Sumner

• terrorist attack

• take fight to “Africa” (this is south; whatttttt)

• calvinism

Effects: repreisals, border ruffians burned Hamlets, abandoned Farms, son Fredtrick shot.

John Brown meetings

• Union meetings

  • boston

  • NY

  • philli

• Canada

• clandestine

Harpers Ferrry (10/16/1859)

• biggest US arsonal containing 20,000 ammunition

• most heavily industrialized towns south of Mason-Dixie Line

• a group of 21 abolitionsist including Brown, Kansas gurrila warfare vetrans, his sons (watson and Oliver), fugative slaves (charleston SC, Virgina), AA from (Oberlin college), quaker brothers from Iowa, men from (CT, PA, IN)

• GOAL: There was so much money invested in slaves, a panic would devalue slaves and collapse the slave economy; free all in the state

• in protest of the federal governments support of slavery

Plan for HF

• So hyped about Subtereannean passway this is next step

  • Brought from Kansas to Detroit and across Detriot River to Canada.

• Break into the armonry; Arm a bunch of AA and then put them on the Appalacian trail

  • no one comes and they’re trapped

  • no escape route, no rations

• send faction out to take prominent slave owners

  • Col. lewis Washington: great grandnephew of Washingoton

How HF went

• local white militias

  • like national guard

• Jefferson guards (Chalestown)

  • blue

• Fredrick Maryland; Martinsburg Sheperdtown Virginia

Surrounded men who held out in the engine house

Hayward Shepherd: free black man who challenged Brown

• William Thompson (NY)

  • white flag

  • cease-fire

  • captured

  • after mayor Fontaine Beckham died, dragged out by mob as he begged for his life he was shot and tossed into Potomac

• Aaron Stevens

  • white flag

  • shot 4x

  • arrested

HF was all over in a matter of

36 hours

Victor Hugo on HF

“America was a shining star of liberty, why execute ☹ “

• America is a great country

  • responsible for trial, verdict, and punsihment

great agent of civilization like France, England, and Germany

Queen of whole world

Glorious halo of freedom

Wrote: Hunchback of Notre Dame & Les miserables

In regards to HF, the south accuses the north of

Republicans were framed as conspirisits.

• Lincoln speaks up and tells them to stop the cap yk its false

  • malicious

  • John Browns actions are peculiar suicide missions, its an absurd attempt at distinction

Entire north is John Brown sympathizers

other abolitionists and HF

absoulutly outrageous: both called out sick

• Douglas: will fail

• Tubman:recruit young men for revolutionary army; infiltrate the countryside and go to his side when the time came like bees

  • if you fail, the underground railroad is destroyed and methods/people/tactics exposed

Effects of HF

• North:

  • “be 1000x more anti-slavery than before”

  • Brown becomes a religious myrter

• South:

  • unionized public opinion on slavery

  • Old Virginia scared shitless

  • South start preparing for the civil war early; militas and training 18 months before Fort Sumter we are alr declaring war

John Brown’s Charges

• 1st degree murder, treason, conspiring with to produce insureciton

  • all death penalty

• trial in Charlestown VA

• October 26th: guilty

• 12/2/59 killed

• “ I John rown am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land: will be purged away; but with blood”

• hanged and died a myrtr

• Thomas J. Jackson “Stonewall Jackson”

  • presbyrterian professor from VMI

  • bull run

• John Wilksoboth

  • southern nationalism

Polk’s greater america

• we owe it to the world

• divine providence gave us the power to start new

  • 2nd Great Awakening (1835)

• religiously and culturally superior

Election of 1844

• Puts our 11th president as James Polk (Young Hickory) (A democrat from TN)

• Beat Clay (Whig from KY)

• Birney (Independent) hurts Clay’s numbers

Oregon Treaty of 1846

• Unpopular

• work with Great Britian to see the boundary of Oregon Territory in passific Northwest @49th parallel

• avoided war

• swords were clattering

• Senate votes in 41-14

• WANTED 54-40 OR FIGHT

  • free soilderes felt betrayed that they did not get it

• Continental Divide was the Eastern Boarder

Mexican-American war

When Texas Annexed there were borader disputes,

• stolen but free for 9 years, recognized, and willing to be annexyed

Nueces river vs Rio grande

Polk provoking Mexico

1. Offers $30 mill for NM and CA

   1. wont even meet bc they were insulted at such a low price, still upset with Americans

2. Zachary Taylor sent between disputed territory (nueces and Rio grande) camp on the boarder and sets cannons

   • Mexico sees this as a violation of neutral territory and war breaks out

Early in Mex American war

• everyone thought Mexico bc numbers were 32,000 to 8000

  • however over 120,000 volunteers showed up and they took about 60,000.

  • TN VOLUNTEER STATE

• Mexico wanted New Orleans to capture Mississippi river and eventually march on washington

• We had better leaders, tech, and people

Santa Anna Plan

After being exiled to Cuba after Texas revolution, war with france over debt, and bad government

• Polk offers 2 mill to march on Mexico city and take it over

• he would be in charge of mexico but make good decisions for the United state

• send a British schooner in through the blockade

• Anna is like fuck no, rebels, and leads Mexio in the battle against the United States

Key Ws in Mex-American war

• Zachary Taylor in Mexico

  • stopped in advance so that he does not gain a bunch of momentum and become a political opponent similar to Andrew jackson and he is replaced

  • captured Meixco city

  • General Winfield Scott makes an arduous march to Mexico city after capturing the port of vera cruz. Gets the city to end the war and all the glory

General Kerney

(NJ statoryHall) captured NM without a shot in 1846. It wanted to be Annexed.

Robert Stockton

(NJ statory Hall) and John Fermont captured breifly the Bear Flag republic/California

all war, most casulties

disease

Treaty of Gaudalupe Hidgalo (1848)

• Mexico gave US claims to Texas

• South Texas gets Rio grande as boarder

• US pays 15 million (same as LAP in 1803)

  • NUTCCAN(W)

  • Nevada, utah, Texas, Colorado, California, new Mexico, and whyoming

  • Texas was the only disputed territory

  • Known as Mexican Cession

Gadsen Purchase

Completes the continental United States

• United States wanted a railroad

• Santa Anna wanted money for new uniforms

Mexico independence from spain

1821

Why did mexico want people in Texas

• strenghtne economic and national control

• buffer from comanchee

• cheap leand no tax 10 yrs to Americnas banned 1830

  • catholic (irsh had in common)

  • mexican

  • speak Spanish

  • free slaves

  • live 60 mi

    • no one listened

Moses Austin

Stephan Austins Dad

Stephan Austin

most successful empresario

• in exchange for land, he would be an agent to fill and govern the land

A Missourian who organized the first American colony in Texas.

• 300 American families

  • old three hundred

• first of 20 total colonies

1839 the capital is named after him

General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

president of Mexico. Many Americans hoped that this would bring better representation for Texans, however he intended to limit ht freedom of Americans with more restrictions and a less self-government.

Sam Houson

• leading Texas citizen and American hero

• Commander in Cheif of Texas army