MED DOSAGE/PHARM PEER REVIEW

1 tsp = ? mL

5 mL

1 L = ? mL

1000 mL

30 mL = ? oz

1 oz

1 oz = ? g

28 g

1 mg = ? mcg

1000 mcg

1 g = ? mg

1000 mg

°C to °F

(°C x 1.8) + 32 = °F

°F to °C

(°F - 32) / 1.8 = °C

secondary infusion

* diffuse = divide

* per = multiply

Digoxin

>> cardiac glyceride

>> HF, AF, arrhythmias

>> check pulse. monitor potassium levels

- do not combine with: diuretics, antiarrhythmics (like amiodarone, quinidine), and calcium channel blockers, as well as macrolide antibiotics (clarithromycin and erythromycin)

** stop digoxin if PT shows symptoms of toxicity ** heart complications

Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate

>> Treats hyperkalemia

>> Potassium-Binding Agent

>> Exchanges Na+ ions for K+ ions in the intestine, resulting in increased excretion of K+

>> Diarrhea or constipation, nausea, vomiting, hypokalemia

>> Monitor PTs stool

Carbidopa/Levodopa

>> Dopamine agonists

>> Increases dopamine in CNS

>> Parkinson's disease to reduce tremors and muscle rigidity

>> GI issues, rash (Stevens-Johnson syndrome), hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity

>> Monitor renal and liver function during therapy

** 2+ weeks for symptom improvement

** do NOT double the dose

Epoetin Alfa

>> cardiovascular

>> Stimulates bone marrow to produce RBCs

>> Anemia related to

CKD, HIV, chemotherapy

>> HTN (bc ^Hct), bone pain, increased risk of seizures

>> Risks/Toxicity: Thromboembolic

events (e.g., MI, stroke), tumor

progression/ recurrence

>> NC: Do not agitate vial. Monitor BP, Hgb, Hct.

** PT: adequate dietary iron intake

Bisacodyl

stimulant laxative for constipation relief

Mydriatic **

> eyedrops

** don't let bottle come into contact with PT eye when administering medication

>> by dilating the pupil, allowing more light into the eye and enabling doctors to better visualize the inner structures during eye exams.

** this dilation is achieved by relaxing muscles in the iris, which controls pupil size, and/or by temporarily paralyzing the ciliary muscle, which is responsible for focusing

Oral terbinafine

(Lamisil) antifungal medication

>> nails and scalp

Penicillin and Cephalosporins

Cross-sensitivity

St. John's wort/Cyclosporine

St. John's wort can significantly reduce the blood levels of cyclosporine, which can lead to organ rejection in transplant patients. The interaction occurs because St. John's wort can increase the activity of enzymes in the liver and intestines that help process cyclosporine, leading to faster elimination of the drug.

Orlistat

lipase inhibitor

>> weight management

** prevents your body from absorbing some of the fat from the food you eat.

Scopolamine

** used for nausea NOT pain

Spironolactone **

potassium-sparing diuretic

>> blocks aldosterone,

promoting excretion of sodium and water, but retention of potassium.

>> HF, HTN

>> Hyperkalemia, amenorrhea,

gynecomastia, impotence

>> Risks/Toxicity: Tumors

>> Monitor potassium levels and EKG

PT: Avoid salt substitutes containing potassium

Misoprostol

>> Prostaglandins

>> Decreases stomach acid secretion. Increases production of protective mucus and bicarbonate.

** Causes uterine contractions.

>> Dysmenorrhea, GI issues

>> Risks/Toxicity: Miscarriage, premature birth, birth defects

** Assess women of childbearing

age for pregnancy before admin for

ulcer prevention.

** PT: Use additional contraception; Inform of possible contraception

immediately; Must have negative

pregnancy test 2 weeks before

starting medication

Gabapentin

>> Anticonvulsant/ Nonopioid Analgesic

** Inhibits excitatory neuron activity

** PT can gain weight bc edema

>> Neuropathy,

fibromyalgia, restless leg syndrome,

seizures

>> Dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, edema, potential for abuse, rapid weight gain.

>> Avoid alcohol. Discontinue gradually

Fluoroquinolones

- Ciprofloxacin

- Levofloxacin

antibiotic

>>Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis

>> Indications: Bacterial infections

(e.g., UTIs, bone/joint infections, respiratory infections, anthrax) Diarrhea, superinfection

(e.g., C. diff), photosensitivity, increased liver enzymes (e.g., AST, ALT, LDH, bilirubin)

>> NC: Monitor bowel movements

>> PT: Wear sunscreen/ avoid direct sunlight, Stop taking the medication and notify a provider

at the first sign of tendon pai

Do NOT take with

iron, calcium, or antacids; Warfarin and Theophylline

Risks/Toxicity: Tendon rupture

piperacillin/tazobactam

** check for decreased creatine levels

Atropine

treats bradycardia

Allopurinol

musculoskeletal

>> chronic gout

>> Inhibits uric acid production

>> GI upset, rash (e.g., Stevens-Johnson

syndrome), hepatotoxicity,

nephrotoxicity

>> Monitor renal and liver function during therapy ** do not double the dose

Salmeterol

* should not be used more than twice a day

Red flags to look for in patients about to receive meds

Alcohol

when dealing with potassium

always check glucose

regular insulin is available as

500 units/mL

what do you not do with eczema?

don't cover eczema with dressing

Propylthiouracil (xyz)

(PTU)

** do not give PTU and Lugol's Iodine at the same time (give iodine before Propylthiouracil)