agricultural revolution global final

heavy plough

allowed serfs to cut through deep wet heavy soils of northern europe

plow horse

horses were faster and could work longer than oen

horseshoe

horse hooves would not crack in soil

horse collar

increase pulling power

how did the field adjust

two field → three field

why was the three field system more effective than the two field system

allowed for more variety

allowed for land to recover

some crops took diff nutrients → right ones left over for next rotaiton

how did the agricultural revolution affect europe

population grew bc of stable food supply

not everyone had to farm all the time

feudalism provided structure for ts

disrupted feudalism bc ppl left manors for new opportunities

trade fairs

ppl gather for new inventions etc

what class formed as a result of agricultrual rev

merchants, farmers, cratsmen

above serfs

how would towns affect feudal system

granted charters which exempted them from feudal obligations

given by king

provided them with money

capital

money for investmentspart

partnership

merchants would join tg and pool their funds

business practices

capital

partnership

insurance

bill of exchange

a merchant deposited money with in his home city and the merchant could exchange it for cash in a distant city with ts document

jews and banking

usury was forboden for chrstians but not for jews

leading profession for them = money lending

how did guilds work

controlled membership

controlled quality of product

controlled prices

promoted town/region

how to join guild

must live in town for a while/show devotion to the town and the occupation