cert notes

HDL

high density lipoprotein good cholesterol

LDL

low density lipoprotein bad cholesterol

ADEK

fat soluble vitamins

hypothalamus gland

in the ventral brain above the pituitary gland and below the third ventricle.

pituitary gland

at the base of your brain, in line with the top of your nose

pineal gland

in the mid-line of the brain,

thyroid gland

in the front of your neck, straddling your windpipe (trachea)

adrenal gland

on top of both kidneys.

thymus gland

in the chest between the lungs.

pancreas gland

secrets insulin across the back of the belly, behind the stomach

type 1 diabetics

autoimmune disease at birth , the body does not produce insulin

type 2 diabetics

obtained Overweight, obesity, and physical inactivity can reverse with life style change

cell membrane

lets things in and out out cell

nucleus

control center of cell DNA is found here

ribosomes

protein synthesis

mitochondria

powerhouse of the cell gives energy to cell

lysosome

cell division a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes

centriole

plays role in cell division of equal parts

golgi apparatus

digestion of protein and removes waste production the stomach of the cell

flagellum

tail like structure on cell helps it to move swim

cilia

hairlike structures to help move substances through tracts like respiratory tracts

bacteria

single cell microorganism

aerobic

need air to grow

anaerobic

no air needed to grow

the overuse of antibiotics or not completing antibiotics

can cause bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics bacteria dosen’t die off from the treatment anymore we call it a SUPERBUGS

E coil (escherichia coil)

is gram negative and comes from bacteria in the colon and rectum

We wipe FRONT TO BACK

to avoid moving this into the urethra and vaginal canal and preventing UTI infections and vaginal infections

treponema pallidum

syphilis caused by sexual contact

rickettsii, rickettsia

Rocky Mountain spotted fever is an infection from a tick bite

staphylococcus aureus

An infection caused by bacteria commonly found on the skin or in the nose.

streptococcus pyogenes

strep throat

streptococcus pneumoniae

Pneumonia is an infection in your lungs caused by bacteria,

epstein-barr virus

mononucleosis, contact with saliva , blood work/test

varicella zoster

chickenpox and shingles airborne, droplet blister contact

HIV

a virus that attacks the body's immune system. If HIV is not treated, it can lead to AIDS

influenza

A common, sometimes deadly viral infection of the nose, throat and lungs, also called flu

HPV

a viral infection that commonly causes skin or mucous membrane growths (warts)

candida albicans

candidiasis thrush or vaginal yeast infection

trichophyton

Ringworm, is spread by skin-to-skin contact or by touching an infected animal or object.

pediculus human capitis

pediculosis-head lice

phthirus pubis

public lice/ crab louse

treating viruses

with antivirals if possible

Hepatitis B

sexual contact, blood borne

Hepatitis A

fecal contact

Hepatitis C

bloodborne

Infectious agent

Is a organism having the ability to cause disease

Ex: bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and helmiths (worms)

Reservoir host

is were pathogens can thrive and reproduce

Ex: tables doorknob and people

Portal of exist

which how the pathogen leaves the reservoir host

Ex: sneezing, coughing

how an infectious agent, also called a pathogen, can be transferred from one person, object, or animal, to another.

Ex: airborne, Blood borne droplets

portal of entry

its the way pathogens enter the host

Ex: breaks in the skin, blood/open cuts

susceptible host

the person at risk and cant defend against pathogens

Ex:: elders or burn patients or people with a weak immune system

conditions for growth of bacteria

moisture

warmth

oxygen or no oxygen depending on the bacteria

food/ yogurt

time

Pt identification

name and DOB (Date of birth)

preparing exam room and procedure rooms

end of each day stock and disinfect each room

safety concerns

avoid clutter hallways, spills use floor signs store chemicals in locked cabinets nor rugs or bundles cables

therapeutic communications

begins with active listing and recognizing the patients concerns

ask open ended questions

will allow the patient to open up more and give detailed answers

SOAP

S- subjective information what the patient tells/ co

O- objective information what we can visual observe

A- assessment was=hat the Dr and physician evaluation

P- plan of treatment and follow up

audiomerty

level of hearing

snellen chart

visual acuity , patient must be 20 feet

ishihara

color blidness test

E chart

Spanish speaking similar to snellen but all
Es

Athrpetmetic measurements

circumferences ( head on infants, waist of pregnant

anaphylaxis

life threatening allergic reaction

height and weight

are not true vital signs but we do those each visit

Vital signs

temperature blood pressure pulse respiration

homeostasis

A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly.

we want to ensure we demonstrate

empathy NOT sympathy , sympathy lead to poor therapeutic communications

when patients have concernces

restate, reflect and clarify

watch for Nonverbal cues

postures/ gestures

radial pulse

between your wrist bone and the tendon on the thumb side of your wrist

apical pulse

cartiod pulse

neck each side when performing CPR

brachial pulse

upper arm place stethoscope for blood pressure

femoral pulse

pelvic

popliteal pulse

behind the knees

pedal pulse

on top of foot

newborn heart rate

120-160 bpm

infant

80-140 bpm

toddler 1-3 years

80-130 bpm

preschool 3-5

80-120 bpm

school age 6-15

70-100 bpm

adult

60-100 bpm

Children have

higher HEART RATES and RESPIRATION

newborn respiration

30-50

wheezing

whistling sound on expiration (breathing out)

Rales

cracking sound on inspirations (breathing in )

Ronchi

rattling snoring

pulse oximetry

95% or higher

systolic

first sharp tapping heard top number

diastolic

last sounds disappears

sounds heard when obtaining blood pressure

korotkoff sounds

blood pressure

120/80

pounds to kilograms

divide weight with 2.2

kilograms to pounds

multiply weight with 2.2

ear, eye and topical medications

apply at room temperature or as close to body temp

wear gloves

when applying any tropical medications

use applicator

to apply topical - tongue blade / depressor

applying cold medications

it causes dizziness or discomfort