20. Reactions of group 3 and 4 - Aluminium

What are amphoteric oxides?

Elements close to the separating line between metals and non metals

What is amphoteric?

Reacts with both acids and bases

How do you prove something is amphoteric?

It will react with both acids and bases

What does aluminium oxide react with?

Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide + water

Give an example of a reaction of aluminium oxide acting as a base

When it reacts with hydrochloric acid to make aluminium chloride and water

Give an example of a reaction of aluminium oxide acting as an acid

When it reacts with sodium hydroxide and water to produce the sodium complex

Give the balanced equation of aluminium oxide reacting with hydrochloric acid

Al₂O₃ + 6HCl -> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂O

How can the reaction between aluminium oxide reacting with hydrochloric acid be simplified? Show the equation as well

Simplified to show aluminium hydroxide reacting with H+ to form aluminium cation and water

Al(OH)₃ + 3H⁺ -> Al³⁺ + 3H₂O

Give the balanced equation of aluminium oxide reacting with sodium hydroxide and water

Al₂O₃ + 2NaOH + 3H₂O -> 2Na[Al(OH)₄]⁻

How can the reaction between aluminium oxide reacting with sodium hydroxide + water be simplified? Show the equation as well

Simplified to show aluminium hydroxide reacting with hydroxide ion

Al(OH)₃ + OH⁻ -> [Al(OH)₄]⁻

What is the oxidation state of aluminium in these reactions?

+3

How do you know something is a spectator ion?

Their oxidation state doesn’t change and they’re not involved in reactions