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skib

polymer

A large molecule composed of repeating structural units or monomers.

carbohydrate

"Compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the approximate ratio of C:2H:O (e.g., sugars, starches, and cellulose)"

protein

Class of nutrients made up of amino acids. They are needed to build and repair body structures, and to regulate processes in the body

lipid

Organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and store food energy until needed (Fats)

nucleic acid

A biological macromolecule (DNA or RNA) composed of the elements C, H, N, O, and P that carries genetic information.

amino acid

Building blocks of protein

monosaccharide

A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate

nucleotide

Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

fatty acid

one components of a triglyceride

macromolecule

A very large molecule (as of a protein, nucleic acid, or carbohydrate) built up from smaller chemical structures

enzyme

A protein that makes a reaction happen QUICKER; decreases activation energy of a reaction.

polysaccharide

a carbohydrate that is composed of many monosaccharide units joined together

glucose

A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.

Carboxyl Group

-COOH

Organic acids contain this functional group

Amino group

A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms

Carbon

non-metal that can from 4 bonds with other elements, the element that is found in all living things

Triglyceride

The building blocks of lipids: made up of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol.

Glucose

A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.

polymer

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds

organic compound

a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon

disaccharide

A molecule composed of two monosaccharides. Common disaccharides include maltose, sucrose, and lactose.

polysaccharide

A polymer of thousands of simple sugars formed by dehydration synthesis.

a carbohydrate that is composed of many monosaccharide units joined together

monosaccharide

A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate

saturated fatty acid

A fatty acid with a carbon chain full of hydrogen atoms, meaning no carbon-carbon double bonds; usually from animal sources and solid at room temperature.

unsaturated fatty acid

A fatty acid with a carbon chain that includes one or more carbon-carbon double bonds; usually from plant sources and liquid at room temperature. Monounsaturated fatty acids have one carbon-carbon double bond and polyunsaturated fatty acids have two or more double bonds.

macromolecules, biomolecules , organic compounds

four main classes of large biological molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids)

polymer

large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together

monomer

a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers

enzymes

proteins that act as biological catalysts

carbohydrates

compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body

starch

a complex carbohydrate found chiefly in plants

glycogen

an extensively branched glucose storage complex carbohydrate found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch

cellulose

complex carbohydrate consisting of glucose monomers that reinforces plant-cell walls, never branched and has beta linkages

lipids

energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, hydrophobic

fat

constructed from glycerol and fatty acids

fatty acids

unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids

phospholipids

A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail.

steroids

Hormones made from cholesterol, examples estrogen and testosterone

cholesterol

A lipid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.

catalysts

substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not used up itself or permanently changed

proteins

contains carbon, hydrogen, oxyge, and nitrogen. source of energy. needed by tissue for repair and growth. made up of 20 amino acids.

amino acids

building blocks of proteins

keratin

A protein fiber with great strength. examples: skin and fingernails

nucleic acid

macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus

DNA

double stranded and shaped like a double helix, stores hereditary information

RNA

single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose, various functions during gene expression, including carrying

instructions from DNA to ribosomes

nucleotides

Basic units of DNA molecule, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of 4 DNA bases

organic

term for most compounds containing carbon

pH

a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is, log scale from 1(very acidic) to 14(very basic) with 7 being neutral.

hemoglobin

An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen.

insulin

A protein hormone synthesized in the pancreas that regulates blood sugar

dehydration synthesis

Condensation reaction where molecules are connected by loss of a water molecule.~ (small monomers to large polymers )

hydrolysis reaction

A chemical reaction that breaks apart a larger molecule by adding a molecule of water

Polimerization

joining monomers to form a polymer