8th Grade Math, Science & Spanish Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering 8th Grade Math, Science, and Spanish topics from the first trimester study guide.

Additive Identity

A property where adding $0$ does not change a number. Example: $7 + 0 = 7$.

Multiplicative Identity

A property where multiplying by $1$ does not change a number. Example: $7 \times 1 = 7$.

Commutative

A property where changing the order does not change the result. Example: $3 + 5 = 5 + 3$.

Associative

A property where changing grouping does not change the result. Example: $(2 + 3) + 4 = 2 + (3 + 4)$.

Distributive

A property where you multiply the outside number by every term inside. Example: $3(x + 4) = 3x + 12$.

Equality

A principle stating both sides of an equation have the same value, requiring you to do the same operation to both sides.

One-step Equations

Equations solved by using the opposite operation, such as $x + 6 = 10 \rightarrow x = 4$ or $3x = 15 \rightarrow x = 5$.

Two-step Equations

Equations solved by undoing operations in reverse order, such as $2x + 6 = 14 \rightarrow 2x = 8 \rightarrow x = 4$.

Multi-step Equations

Equations solved by following the process: distribute, combine like terms, move terms, isolate the variable, and check. Example: $2(x + 3) + 4 = 14 \rightarrow 2x + 10 = 14 \rightarrow 2x = 4 \rightarrow x = 2$.

Scientific Method

A process for investigating questions using evidence following the sequence: Question \rightarrow Research \rightarrow Hypothesis \rightarrow Experiment \rightarrow Collect Data \rightarrow Analyze Data \rightarrow Conclusion \rightarrow Communicate Results.

Independent Variable

The variable in an experiment that you change.

Dependent Variable

The variable in an experiment that you measure or observe.

Controlled Variables

The variables in an experiment that you keep the same.

Signo Lingüístico

The unit that relates an idea or concept with a form that represents it, consisting of two main parts: significante and significado.

Significante

The form perceived of a sign, such as the sounds when speaking or the letters when writing (e.g., the word "árbol").

Significado

The idea or concept represented by the significante (e.g., in "árbol", it is the mental idea of the tree).

Signos Lingüísticos

Words, expressions, and sentences that transmit meaning through language.

Signos Paralingüísticos

Elements that accompany words and modify or complement the message, such as tone, volume, speed, pauses, emphasis, intonation, laughter, and sighs.