Your Study Nook Australian Medication Posters - Digital Flashcards

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards covering drug classes, mechanisms of action, and clinical indications based on the lecture transcript.

Albumin

Colloid Plasma Volume Expander - Increases plasma oncotic pressure to expand intravascular volume and draw fluid into circulation; indicated for hypovolaemia, shock, and burns.

Adrenaline (Epinephrine)

Sympathomimetic (Catecholamine) - Stimulates $\alpha$ and $\beta$ receptors, increasing heart rate, contractility, bronchodilation, and vasoconstriction.

Amoxicillin

Antibiotic - Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins; bactericidal against susceptible organisms like those in respiratory and urinary tract infections.

Amiodarone

Anti-arrhythmic - Prolongs the action potential and refractory period to slow cardiac conduction and stabilise heart rhythm; used for refractory VF and pulseless VT.

Aspirin

Antiplatelet - Irreversibly inhibits cyclo-oxygenase (COX-1), reducing thromboxane $A_2$ synthesis and preventing platelet aggregation; used in suspected acute coronary syndrome.

Apixaban

Anticoagulant - Selectively and reversibly inhibits Factor Xa, reducing thrombin generation and clot formation; indicated for stroke prevention in non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

Ceftriaxone

Antibiotic - Third-generation cephalosporin with bactericidal activity that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis; indicated for sepsis and meningitis.

Cefazolin

Antibiotic - First-generation cephalosporin that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, causing bacterial cell lysis and death; used for open fractures and traumatic wounds.

Diazepam

Benzodiazepine - Enhances GABA-A activity producing sedation, anxiolysis, muscle relaxation, and anticonvulsant effects; used for status epilepticus.

Clopidogrel

Antiplatelet - Blocks ADP receptors on platelets, preventing platelet aggregation; used for acute coronary syndrome and primary PCI.

Droperidol

Antipsychotic - Butyrophenone antipsychotic producing sedation and behavioural control in acute behavioural disturbances.

Dexamethasone

Corticosteroid - Long-acting corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects; used as an adjunct in croup, severe asthma, and anaphylaxis.

Fentanyl

Opioid Analgesic - Binds to opioid receptors in the CNS to produce rapid and potent analgesia for moderate to severe acute pain.

Enoxaparin

Anticoagulant - Binds to antithrombin III, inhibiting Factor Xa and thrombin (Factor IIa) to prevent clot formation; used for VTE prevention and ACS.

Flucloxacillin

Antibiotic - Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis and is resistant to staphylococcal $\beta$-lactamase; primary use is for skin and soft tissue infections.

Fresh Frozen Plasma

Blood Product (Plasma) - Replaces deficient clotting factors and plasma proteins to improve haemostasis; used in massive transfusions and urgent warfarin reversal.

Glucagon

Hyperglycaemic - Mobilises hepatic glycogen, releasing glucose into the bloodstream; used for severe hypoglycaemia without IV access.

Gentamicin

Aminoglycoside antibiotic - Binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit to inhibit protein synthesis; indicated for severe gram-negative infections.

Glucose Gel

Hyperglycaemic - Provides rapidly absorbed oral glucose to increase blood glucose levels; used for symptomatic hypoglycaemia in patients able to swallow.

Glucose 10%

Hyperglycaemic - Provides glucose as the body's primary energy source, rapidly increasing BGL; indicated for symptomatic hypoglycaemia and altered conscious states.

Hartmann's Solution

Isotonic crystalloid IV fluid - Replaces extracellular fluid and electrolytes to restore circulating volume in hypovolaemia and dehydration.

Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN)

Vasodilator - Dilates veins and arteries, reducing preload and afterload while improving coronary blood flow; used in ACS and pulmonary oedema.

Hydrocortisone

Corticosteroid - Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent that replaces cortisol in adrenal insufficiency and treats adrenal crisis.

Heparin

Anticoagulant - Enhances antithrombin III to inhibit Factor Xa and thrombin, preventing clot formation; used for ACS and DVT/PE prevention.

Insulin (Actrapid)

Antidiabetic hormone - Promotes cellular glucose uptake and reduces hepatic glucose production; used for hyperglycaemia and DKA.

Ibuprofen

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory - Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, reducing pain, inflammation, and fever for mild to moderate pain.

Ketamine

Anaesthetic / Analgesia - Non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist producing dissociative anaesthesia, analgesia, and sedation.

Ipratropium Bromide

Anticholinergic Agent - Antimuscarinic agent that promotes bronchodilation by inhibiting cholinergic bronchomotor tone in asthma and COPD.

Magnesium Sulphate

Electrolyte / Anticonvulsant - Reduces neuromuscular transmission and stabilises excitable membranes; used for eclampsia and severe asthma.

Loratadine

Second-generation Antihistamine - Selectively blocks peripheral H1 receptors to reduce histamine-mediated symptoms like allergic rhinitis and hives.

Metformin

Biguanide - Reduces hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

MetAclopramide

Antiemetic - Blocks dopamine ($D_2$) receptors to enhance gastric emptying and reduce nausea and vomiting.

Metronidazole

Antibiotic - Damages bacterial and protozoal DNA, causing cell death; used for anaerobic and dental infections.

Methoxyflurane

Analgesic - Produces analgesia by depressing central nervous system activity; used for moderate to severe trauma and procedural pain.

Misoprostol

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) analogue - Stimulates uterine contractions and promotes cervical ripening; used for PPH prevention and treatment.

Midazolam

Benzodiazepine - Enhances GABA activity to produce sedation, anxiolysis, and anticonvulsant effects for seizures or agitation.

Naloxone

Opioid antagonist - Competitively blocks opioid receptors, reversing opioid effects in overdose or respiratory depression.

Morphine

Opioid Analgesic - Activates opioid receptors to produce analgesia and sedation for severe pain and ACS.

Ondansetron

Antiemetic - Selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist that blocks serotonin-mediated nausea and vomiting.

Omeprazole

Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) - Irreversibly inhibits the gastric $H^+/K^+$-ATPase (proton pump) to reduce gastric acid secretion in GORD and peptic ulcers.

Oxycodone

Opioid Analgesic - Binds opioid receptors to inhibit ascending pain pathways and alter pain perception for moderate to severe pain.

Olanzapine

Atypical Antipsychotic - Blocks dopamine and serotonin receptors to improve psychotic symptoms and acute agitation.

Oxytocin

Oxytocic - Stimulates uterine smooth muscle contraction and promotes uterine tone for PPH prophylaxis and treatment.

Oxygen

Gas - Improves tissue oxygenation by increasing arterial oxygen concentration in cases of hypoxaemia, shock, or cardiac arrest.

Paracetamol

Analgesic / Antipyretic - Provides analgesic and antipyretic effects via central mechanisms for mild to moderate pain or fever.

Packed Red Blood Cells

Blood Product - Increases circulating red blood cells to improve oxygen-carrying capacity in acute blood loss or symptomatic anaemia.

Propofol

General Anaesthetic (Hypnotic) - Enhances GABA-A receptor activity causing sedation, hypnosis, and anaesthesia for induction or ICU sedation.

Platelets

Blood Product - Provides functional platelets to improve primary haemostasis and reduce bleeding in thrombocytopenia.

Rivaroxaban

Anticoagulant - Direct Factor Xa inhibitor that reduces thrombin generation and clot formation for AF or DVT/PE prevention.

Prednisolone

Corticosteroid (Glucocorticoid) - Suppresses inflammatory and immune responses by decreasing cytokine production and leukocyte migration.

Sodium Chloride 0.9%

Isotonic Crystalloid - Expands extracellular fluid volume and restores intravascular volume in hypovolaemia and shock.

Rocuronium

Non-depolarising Neuromuscular Blocker - Blocks acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors causing skeletal muscle paralysis for endotracheal intubation.

Sodium Bicarbonate

Alkalinising Agent - Buffers excess hydrogen ions, increasing blood pH; used for severe metabolic acidosis and hyperkalaemia.

Spironolactone

Potassium-sparing Diuretic - Blocks aldosterone receptors, promoting sodium excretion while conserving potassium for heart failure and hypertension.

Salbutamol

Beta-adrenergic agonist - Stimulates $\beta_2$ receptors to produce bronchodilation and lowers serum potassium in asthma and hyperkalaemia.

Tenecteplase

Fibrinolytic - Activates plasminogen to dissolve fibrin clots in conditions like STEMI and acute ischaemic stroke.

Sodium Valproate

Antiepileptic (anticonvulsant) - Increases GABA activity, reducing neuronal excitability in epilepsy and status epilepticus.

Ticagrelor

Antiplatelet - Reversibly inhibits the P2Y12 (ADP) platelet receptor to reduce platelet aggregation in acute coronary syndrome.

Thyroxine

Thyroid Hormone Replacement - Synthetic T4 converted to active T3 to regulate metabolism and growth in hypothyroidism.

Tranexamic Acid

Antifibrinolytic - Inhibits plasminogen activation, preventing fibrin clot breakdown in major haemorrhage and trauma.

Tramadol

Tramadol: Centrally acting opioid analgesic - Weakly activates mu-opioid receptors and inhibits serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake, reducing pain transmission; indicated for moderate to severe pain

Vancomycin

Glycopeptide antibiotic - Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis causing cell death; indicated for MRSA and severe Gram-positive infections.

Vitamin K

Haemostatic agent - Restores hepatic production of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors; indicated for warfarin reversal, vitamin K deficiency and elevated INR

Warfarin

Oral anticoagulant - Inhibits vitamin K-dependent clotting factor synthesis (II, VII, IX and X); indicated for atrial fibrillation, DVT/PE, mechanical heart valves and thromboembolism prevention