Plant Tissues and Herbaceous Stems

meristems

where miotic cell division occurs in designates locations within the plant’s body

primary growth/meristems definition

responsible for an increase in the length of the plant

primary growth/meristems location

tips of stems and roots

secondary growth/meristems

responsible for the increase in girth of the plant and produce the tissues we know as wood and bark

lateral growth

simple tissues

parenchyma and collenchyma are considered _______

parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

three fundamental tissues of plants

parenchyma

thin cell walls, irregular shape, large vacuoles (function in storage of materials)

parenchyma

most common cell type in a plant

collenchyma

cell walls have irregular thickness, thin cell walls with thick corners

collenchyma

main supportive tissue in plants

sclerenchyma

evenly thick cell walls surrounding the cell

fibers and sclereids

two common types of sclerenchyma cells

fibers

elongated cells that often support internal structures of the plant

fibers

used to make cloth; cotton is an example

sclereids

stone cells

sclereids (stone cells)

cells that are roughly box shaped and found embedded within other tissues (often parenchyma)

sclereids / fibers

______have thicker cell walls than ______ (sclerenchyma)

pit canals

plasmodesmata extend through the cell walls in areas called ______

plasmodesmata

cells that remain metabolically active use _______ to communicate with one another

inner lumen

pit canal connect the ________ to the outer edge of the cell wall

inner lumen definition

an open area that originally housed cytoplasm

plant organs

stems, leaves, roots, flowers

celery petiole

a structure that connects the flat part of a leaf to the stem

collenchyma cells

what cells compose the celery strings

parenchyma

fleshy parts of fruits contain _______

sclereids

pears contain parenchyma and _______

epidermis

most plant organs are covered by the _______

stomata (stoma)

found in epidermal cell layer

necessary to allow gas exchange with the interior of the plant

stomata (stoma) structure

surrounded by two sickle-shaped cells called guard cells

guard cells

the only cells in the epidermis to contain chloroplasts

regulate the opening and closing of the stoma

zebrina

leaf that contained stomata

cutin

waxy substance that is secreted by epidermal cells and forms a layer of the outer surface of the epidermis

cuticle

the waxy layer on the outside of the epidermis

trichomes

short hairs that grow off of the epidermal cells

periderm

woody stems/roots have a stronger more protective outer covering composed of tissue called ______

cork cells

periderm consists of _______

cork cells

cells that are dead at maturity

phelloderm

periderm contains ______ that are similar to cork cells, but have thinner cell walls and are interior to cork cells

cork cambium

produces cork and phelloderm cells

stomatal apparatus

consists of two guard cells on either side of the stoma