Comparative Osteology of Appendicular Skeleton

Scapula

forms the bone of the shoulder girdle with clavicle and coracoid

Horse Scapula

spine fades at distally and has trapezius tubercle

Ox Scapula

spine extend up to dorsal border has a distinctly triangular outline

Pig Scapula

trapezius tubercle is prominent and over hangs infraspinous fossa

Dog Scapula

spine bisects laterally and has distinct acromion

Humerus

forms the bone of upper arm/brachium

Horse Humerus

bicipital groove opposite thee numeral head is divided by a ridge

Ox Humerus

Massive lateral tuberosity overhangs bicipital groove

Pig Humerus

lateral tuberosity almost convert bicipital groove into foramen

Dog Humerus

has single lateral tuberosity and at distal end the olecranon fossa and coronoid fossa communicate the supratrochlear foramen

Radius and Ulna

Form 2 bones of forearm

Horse Radius and Ulna

ulna is fused 2/3 down with radius

Ox Radius and Ulna

ulna is complete and extends up to thee distal end

Sheep Radius and Ulna

Ulna is extremely slender and not necessarily fused with radius

Pig Radius and Ulna

Ulna is massive and articulate w/ radius and ulnar carpal

Dog Radius and Ulna

ulna is separate and the proximal end has 3 well developed process “trituberculate summit”

Os coxae

left and right forms the pelvic girdle, but “ bony pelvis” is made up of pelvic girdle, sacrum, and 1st and 2nd caudal vertebrae

Horse Os coxae

wing of ilium has gluteal line

Ox Os coxae

has 3 distinct prominences on ischiatic tuber, wide obturator foramen

Sheep Os coxae

same with ox but the long axes of ilium and ischium forms nearly straight line

Pig Os coxae

wing of ilium is divided into 2 fossae by distinct gluteal line

Dog Os coxae

wing of ilium is distinctly concave

Femur

forms the bone of the thigh distally is the patella/kneecap

Horse Femur

3 trochanters are prominent

Ox Femur

has less prominent trochanters

Sheep Femur

same with ox, but smaller and slender

Pig Femur

characteristically smaller than horse and ox but has massive shaft

Dog Femur

size and outline are similar to sheep, but more slender

Horse Tibia and Fibula

only the head and shaft of fibula is well developed

Ox Tibia and Fibula

fibula is complete, marked by presence of lateral malleolus

Pig Tibia and Fibula

tibial crest is long and distinct

Dog Tibia and Fibula

has short, prominent tibial crest marked with impression

Other term for Scapula

Blade Bone

Other term for Humerus

Clod Bone

Other term for Femur

Round Bone

Other term for Tibia and Fibula

Brooch Bonee

Other term for Radial carpal

Scaphoid

Other term for Ulnar carpal

Triquetrum

Other term for Accessory carpal

Pisiform

Other term for Tibial tarsal

Talus

Other term for Fibular tarsal

Calcaneus

Central tarsal

Navicular

Other term for Carpal 1

Trapezium

Other term for Carpal 2

Trapezoideum

Other term for Carpal 3

Os capitulum

Other term for Carpal 4

Os homatum

Other term for Tarsal 1

os cuneiforme mediale

Other term for Tarsal 2

os cuneiforme intermedium

Other term for Tarsal 3

os cuneiformee laterale

Other term for Tarsal 4

os cuboideum