Chapter 9 US HIstory

Key Term: Steamboat

Provided easier transpiration in bodies of water

Key Term: Erie Canal

Connects Great Lakes to the Hudson River

Key Term: Cotton Kingdom

Industrial Revolution centered on factories producing cotton textiles

Key Term: Cotton Gin

Removed the spike seeds from the cotton plants

Key Term: Porkopolis

Nickname for Cincinnati be of the it’s slaughter houses

Key Term: American System of Manufactures

A Manufacturing method that relied on the mass production of interchangeable parts that could be rapidly assembled into standardized finished goods

Key Term: Mill Girls

Women and girls who worked in factories such as Lowell textile manufacturing. Many felt that the opportunity to earn their own money and participate in the public sphere gave them a “larger and firmer idea of womanhood.”

Key Term: Nativism

A national political movement that centered around the fear of immigrants taking American born jobs and undercutting their wadges.

Key Term: Dartmouth College v. Woodward

It prevented states from interfering with private characters, therefore greatly encouraging business investment and growth

Book: When John Marshall’s supreme court defined corporate characters issued by state legislature as contracts, which future lawmakers could not alter of rescind.

Key Term: Gibbons v. Ogden

Congress has power to regulate commerce

Book: Court struck down monopoly the New York legislation had granted for steamboat navigation

Key Term: Commonwealth v. Hunt

Declared that there was nothing illegal about workers organizing a union or strike.

Key Term: Manifest Destiny

The United States mission from God to occupy all of North America

Key Term: Transcendentalists

Philosophy developed in early 1800s that believed people have the ability to change. They detached from the industrialized world to focus on nature. The valued individualism rather than focusing on the public sphere. Hated the fact that people now lived on “the clock”

Key Term: Second Great Awakening

A religious revival. An evangelist called Finney went around America preaching of hell and promising salvation. His work democratized American Christianity, and Methodist population skyrocketed and became the largest denomination. Christianity and liberty became intertwined. Stressed the right to private judgment

Key Term: Individualism

People have the ability to make their own choices. You are not born good or bad, your actions dictated if you will go to hell. The essence of freedom

Key Term: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Mormonism - Founded by Joseph Smith. Started in Upstate New York when smith said he was given a religious vision and was lead by angles. It accepted anyone who accepted Smith’s vision including blacks, and was against the market revolution. Condemned selfishness and wealth, and dreamed of an ancient society. Group was pushed west.

Key Term: Cult of Domesticity

Beauty, fertility, and dependance on men. Minimized women’s participation in outside world. Men were rational, aggressive and domineering while women were nurturing, selfless and ruled by emotion. Women did however, have power over personal affairs within the family.

Key Term: Family Wage

The idea that men should get paid enough money that would allow them to support their stay at home wife, and children comfortably.