Six Sigma Green Belt

The statistics that summarize a population are referred to as

a. categorical statistics

b. descriptive statistics

c. probabilistic statistics

d. control statistics

b. descriptive statistics

Which of the following measures is increased when process performance is improved?

a. Variability range

b. Capability index

c. Repeatability index

d. Specification limits

b. Capability index

Which of the following tools can be used to identify and quantify the source of a problem?

a. Affinity diagram

b. Control chart

c. Pareto chart

d. Quality function deployment

c. Pareto chart

A correlation analysis is used to provide a numeric value for which of the following types of relationships between two variables?

a. Random

b. Linear

c. Curvilinear

d. Causation

b. Linear

Which of the following tools is used to translate broad requirements into specific requirements?

a. A quality control plan

b. The theory of constraints (TOC)

c. A critical to quality (CTQ) tree

d. A process flowchart

c. A critical to quality (CTQ) tree

Which of the following tools is used extensively in quality function deployment (QFD)?

a. Affinity diagram

b. Matrix diagram

c. Cause and effect diagram

d. Activity network diagram

b. Matrix diagram

Which of the following control charts is used to monitor discrete data?

a. p

b. I&mR

c. Xbar

d. Xbar and R

a. p

Which of the following shapes is used to present a termination point in a flowchart?

a. Rectangle

b. Diamond

c. Arrow

d. Oval

d. Oval

For a normal distribution, two standard deviations on each side of the mean would include what percentage of the total population?

a. 95%

b. 68%

c. 47%

d. 34%

a. 95%

Which of the following is a commonly accepted level for alpha risk?

a. 0.05

b. 0.50

c. 0.70

d. 0.95

a. 0.05

When the sampling method used creates a difference between the result obtained from the sample and the actual population value, the difference is known as

a. Correlation

b. Precision

c. Accuracy

d. Bias

d. Bias

Which of the following is an example of mistake-proofing?

a. Using an Xbar and R chart to prevent errors

b. Using 100% inspection to detect and contain defects

c. Using color coding as an error signal

d. Having the team that created the errors repair them

c. Using color coding as an error signal

Which of the following is the key objective of a six sigma project?

a. Developing detailed control charts for critical processes

b. Developing a matrix to understand the how's and what's of a problem process

c. Reducing variation in critical processes

d. Reducing investment costs while improving output quality

c. Reducing variation in critical processes

Which of the following tools is used to identify potential events and contingencies for an implementation plan?

a. PERT chart

b. Process decision program chart

c. Fishbone diagram

d. House of quality

b. Process decision program chart

Which of the following measures is used to show the ratio of defects to units?

a. DPU

b. DPO

c. DPMO

d. PPM

a. DPU

Which of the following terms is used to describe the risk of a type I error in a hypothesis test?

a. Power

b. Confidence level

c. Level of significance

d. Beta risk

c. Level of significance

Positional, cyclical, and temporal variations are most commonly analyzed in

a. SPC charts

b. Multi-vari charts

c. Cause and effects diagrams

d. Run charts

b. Multi-vari charts

In order for value flow analysis to be effective, a team must take which of the following steps first?

a. Define the value stream

b. Eliminate backlogs in the value stream

c. Identify overlapping functions in the value stream

d. Identify specific work practices within the value stream

a. Define the value stream

When an inspection process rejects conforming product, what type of error is being made?

a. α

b. β

c. σ

d. H sub 0

a. α

The critical path for a project is best described as the

a. Sequence of steps with the highest costs

b. Tasks in the project that have the highest risk of failure

c. Sum of the tasks with the shortest time requirements

d. Longest path from the start to the completion of the project

d. Longest path from the start to the completion of the project

Statistical process control (SPC) is best defined as the use of

a. Pareto charts to understand and control a process

b. Inputs to control critical and complex processes

c. Statistical methods to identify and remove manufacturing errors

d. Statistical methods to understand and control a process

d. Statistical methods to understand and control a process

A measurement system analysis is designed to assess the statistical properties of

a. Gage variation

b. Process performance

c. Process stability

d. Engineering tolerances

c. Process stability

When calculating the C sub P index, what does the standard deviation represent in the formula C sub P = (USL-LSL)/6sigma

a. The tolerance interval

b. The confidence interval for the result

c. The range of the process

d. The variance of the index

a. The tolerance interval

After the customers and their needs are identified, what is the next step in collecting Voice of the Customer (VOC) data?

a. Refine customer needs

b. Create specifications

c. Determine critical to quality characteristics

d. Collect and analyze data

d. Collect and analyze data

Which type of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is used to study and evaluate manufacturing and assembly?

a. System

b. Service

c. Design

d. Process

d. Process

Which type of control chart is appropriate for attribute data?

a. np chart

b. X-bar - R chart

c. MX-bar - MR chart

d. Median chart

a. np chart

Which is the best description of mutually exclusive events?

a. Events A and B cannot occur at the same time

b. Events A and B both occur at the same time

c. All sample points not contained in event A

d. All sample points contained in event A

a. Events A and B cannot occur at the same time

Which of the following activities would be performed as part of project closure?

a. Review opportunities

b. Value stream mapping

c. Feasibility study

d. SWOT analysis

a. Review opportunities

Which statement describes TPM?

a. A high-level process map that depicts the suppliers, inputs, processes, outputs, and customers of a process

b. An approach that orders product, service, or process design to minimize the potential for faws or errors that may be built into a design

c. A proactive quality tool that helps you to identify, define, prioritize, and eliminate known or potential failures of the design, system, or manufacturing process

d. A proactive approach with the goal of removing deficiencies from machines to minimize or eliminate defects and downtime

d. A proactive approach with the goal of removing deficiencies from machines to minimize or eliminate defects and downtime

During which phase of the risk management methodology are actions put in place to mitigate project risk?

a. Risk handling

b. Risk assessment

c. Risk analysis

d. Risk planning

c. Risk analysis

When performing a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, how many different degrees of freedom must be calculated?

a. 2

b. 3

c. 1

d. 4

b. 3

In creating a customer satisfaction survey, you want to measure the strength of the respondent's opinion while limiting the number of answer choices available to them. Which question format would be most appropriate?

a. Open-ended

b. Likert scale

c. Fill-in-the-blank

d. Yes/No

b. Likert scale

Which tool can be used to resolve upstream delays that cascade through a system?

a. Visual factory

b. Continuous flow manufacturing

c. Prioritization matrices

d. Statistical process control

b. Continuous flow manufacturing

Which method would be used to correct the problem of team members discussing issues unrelated to the purpose of a team meeting?

a. Ensure team members are actively listening

b. Ask team members to provide relevant data

c. Ensure team members follow the prearranged agenda

d. Ask team members to provide different solutions to the problem

c. Ensure team members follow the prearranged agenda

Which tool can be specifically used to help set priorities for key process output variables?

a. Check Sheets

b. Attribute Charts

c. Relational Matrix

d. Control Charts

c. Relational Matrix

Which Six Sigma concept involves creating value for stakeholders by understanding, controlling, and improving overall business processes?

a. QFD

b. FMEA

c. BPM

d. PDCA

c. BPM

Which hypothesis test can be used to detect a difference in three or more population means?

a. F test

b. ANOVA

c. Z test

d. Paired t test

b. ANOVA

Which graphical method for displaying data is also known as a correlation chart?

a. Stem and leaf plot

b. Scatter diagram

c. Pareto diagram

d. Box-and-whisker plot

b. Scatter diagram

What is the correct order of control plan phases as defined by the Advanced Product Quality Planning and Control Plan Reference Manual?

a. Pre-launch, prototype, production

b. Prototype, pre-launch, production

c. Production, pre-launch, prototype

d. Production, prototype, pre-launch

b. Prototype, pre-launch, production

What does the design matrix typically include for a design of experiment (DOE)?

a. Alpha and beta risks

b. High and low levels

c. Confidence interval

d. Selection bias

b. High and low levels

During which step of the Identify, Design, Optimize, and Validate (IDOV) design methodology would a Quality Function Deployment (QFD) be created?

a. Optimize

b. Design

c. Identify

d. Validate

c. Identify

When performing a one-way ANOVA, how is the treatment sum of squares calculated?

a. By finding the difference between the total degrees of freedom and the treatment degrees of freedom

b. By finding the sum of the squared deviations of each observation within a treatment from the treatment average

c. By finding the sum of the squared deviations of each treatment average from the grand average

c. By finding the difference between the crude sum of squares and the correction factor

c. By finding the sum of the squared deviations of each treatment average from the grand average

A furniture store receives mattresses that are defective but considered good. What is the possibility of making this type of error called?

a. Alpha

b. Ordinal

c. Beta

d. Nominal

c. Beta

Which method is used to clean the work environment as part of waste elimination?

a. Kaizen

b. 5S

c. Poka-yoke

d. SMED

b. 5S

Which of the following statements is true concerning benchmarking?

a. Benchmarking provides a strictly competitive analysis

b. Benchmarking is subjective in nature

c. Benchmarking is a relatively easy to implement and provides an early warning system for operational deficiencies

d. Benchmarking is a structured method of adopting the best features of successful processes

d. Benchmarking is a structured method of adopting the best features of successful processes

You are part of a Six Sigma team. You create a scatter diagram of the amount of snowfall against the number of skis sold. A correlation coefficient of 0.9 is calculated. What can by inferred by this result?

a. An increase in the amount of snowfall causes a reduction in the number of skis sold

b. An increase in the amount of snowfall causes an increase in the number of skis sold

c. When the amount of snowfall increases, the number of skis sold decreases

d. When the amount of snowfall increases, the number of skis sold increases

d. When the amount of snowfall increases, the number of skis sold increases

Which statement is true about the null hypothesis?

a. The assumption with the null hypothesis is that the variation is non-random

b. The null hypothesis can be rejected or failed to be rejected

c. It can be accepted if the evidence does not support rejecting it

d. The null hypothesis asserts that something important is occurring

b. The null hypothesis can be rejected or failed to be rejected

An experiment is designed to test the effect of weight on the elasticity of a certain material. In the experiment, weights of various sizes were used. The include 2 grams, 6 grams, 14 grams, and 20 grams. What do these various sizes represent?

a. Main Effect

b. Factors

c. Levels

d. Residuals

c. Levels

For which type of information would informal communication, such as rumors, be an appropriate delivery mechanism?

a. News of an employee's willing retirement

b. Six Sigma being adopted as a strategic initiative

c. An employee's second reprimand for an offense

d. A business agreement with another company

a. News of an employee's willing retirement

Which data analysis tool would you use to prioritize the order in which problems should be addressed?

a. Line graph

b. Control chart

c. Matrix diagram

d. Pareto diagram

d. Pareto diagram

What does the angle of the slope indicate in a plot graph for an input factor?

a. Main effect

b. Measurement error

c. Interaction of factors

d. High or low levels

a. Main effect

Using the Z test, how is a left one-tailed test denoted?

a. The sign for the null hypothesis is =

b. The sign for the null hypothesis is <

c. The sign for the alternate hypothesis is <

d. The sign for the alternate hypothesis is =

c. The sign for the alternate hypothesis is <

Which attribute control charts count the number of defects in products?

a. p charts and np charts

b. u charts and p charts

c. u charts and c charts

d. np charts and c charts

c. u charts and c charts

What is the effect of automating a poorly designed process?

a. Defect levels will only stabilize

b. Defect levels will stabilize or increase

c. Defects levels will not be affected

d. Defect levels will stabilize or decrease

d. Defect levels will stabilize or decrease

Which option represents the difference between observed values and the corresponding values predicted by your equation?

a. Precision

b. Qualitative

c. Residuals

d. Sensitivity

c. Residuals

Which of the following is used by a process owner to help track the performance of Key Input Variables (KIVs) and Key Output Variables (KOVs)?

a. Control plan

b. Service FMEA

c. HOQ matrix

d. Gantt chart

a. Control plan

Which statement correctly defines a difference between Kaizen and Kaizen blitz?

a. Typically, Kaizen follows six stages, whereas Kaizen blitz follows three stages

b. Kaizen is a project-based approach focused on continuous improvement using multiple lean tools whereas Kaizen blitz is a task-based approach focused on continuous improvement using a single lean tool

c. Kaizen projects can last weeks or months whereas Kaizen blitz lasts days

d. Kaizen is used to identify the constraints in the process whereas Kaizen blitz skips this task

c. Kaizen projects can last weeks or months whereas Kaizen blitz lasts days

Which tool classifies customer requirements as dissatisfiers, satisfiers, and delighters?

a. Kano analysis

b. Quality function deployment

c. Affinity diagram

d. Critical to quality tree

a. Kano analysis

Which action is taken in the Control step of the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC) process?

a. Root causes of defects and opportunities for improvement are found

b. Data is collected to determine the current status of the process

c. Customers and their requirements and expectations are outlined

d. An ongoing monitoring plan is developed

d. An ongoing monitoring plan is developed

What could cause a lack of variability in average (X-bar) control chart?

a. Process is over-controlled

b. New machine operator

c. Machine deterioration

d. Incorrectly calculated control limits

d. Incorrectly calculated control limits

A regression analysis has been performed on the study for Customer Complaints versus Time for Training. The p-value is calculated to be 0.04. What does this indicate about the Time for Training?

a. It is not a significant statistical factor contributing to customer complaints

b. It is a statistically significant factor contributing to customer complaints

c. It is a practically significant factor contributing to customer complaints

d. It is a highly significant statistical factor contributing to customer complaints

b. It is a statistically significant factor contributing to customer complaints

Which statement is an example of a goal statement?

a. Our products contain 10 defects on average

b. We experience a 20% drop in sales due to defects in our products

c. We will increase customer satisfaction by reducing product defects by 10%

d. Company shipments are often delayed by 3 days due to a poor packing process

c. We will increase customer satisfaction by reducing product defects by 10%

Your company is building a balanced scorecard. The scope of the card has been defined. A facilitator has gathered information from senior management and an executive workshop has been conducted to draft the measures for the balanced scorecard. What is the next step in the development process?

a. A task team develops an implementation plan

b. Another workshop is held to refine the balanced scorecard

c. The balanced scorecard is periodically reviewed

d. The facilitator creates a draft of the balanced scorecard

d. The facilitator creates a draft of the balanceD scorecard

What is known as "a distribution based on counted data"?

a. Continuous Distribution

b. Decision Distribution

c. Discrete Distribution

d. Normal Distribution

c. Discrete Distribution

Under which line item in a control plan would you find information on how measurements are made?

a. Gage capability

b. Control method

c. Specifications

d. Gage technique

d. Gage technique

Which option best describes an analytical study?

a. A sample is used to make judgments about a population

b. An observation is made about the location, spread, and shape of data distribution around a central tendency

c. Descriptive statistics are used to describe a current process

d. The nature of what is occurring in a given process is described

a. A sample is used to make judgments about a population

Which quality pioneer is best known for developing engineering methods for robust product design?

a. Walter A Shewhart

b. Joseph M. Juran

c. Genichi Taguchi

d. Kaoru Ishikawa

c. Genichi Taguchi

Which design methodology would you use when considering a Six Sigma improvement project for an existing process?

a. DMADV

b. DPMO

c. DFSS

d. DMAIC

d. DMAIC

Which project management and planning tool is originally known as an arrow diagram and incorporates many practices from the program evaluation and review technique (PERT) and the critical path method (CPM)?

a. Interrelation diagraphs

b. Activity network diagram

c. Prioritization matrix

d. Affinity diagram

b. Activity network diagram

Your company manufactures notebooks for students. What is a true statement concerning the company's internal and external customers?

a. The retailer that sells the notebooks is an internal customer

b. A high school student is an external customer

c. A line worker's family is an internal customer

c. A line worker is an external customer

b. A high school student is an external customer

A comparison of engineering specifications to chance causes of variations is done using which Six Sigma tool?

a. Design of experiments

b. Analysis of variance

c. Pareto analysis

d. Process capability study

d. Process capability study

What is an example of variable data?

a. Welds per unit

b. Number of scratches

c. Depth of a cut

d. Scrapped parts

c. Depth of a cut

Which organizational role supporting Six Sigma initiatives is normally trained as a black belt and facilitator?

a. Team Member

b. Sponsor

c. Team Leader

d. Coach

c. Team Leader

Which lean concept refers to mistake-proofing a process?

a. Poka-yoke

b. Pull

c. Queue time

d. Process flow chart

a. Poka-yoke

Given the following Data Set table, which measure of central tendency is equal to 2?

Data: 9 3 2 7 8 2 4 1 5

a. Mean

b. Mode

c. Median

d. Range

b. Mode

What is a work breakdown structure (WBS)?

a. A measurement of a system used to determine the success of a project

b. A detailed listing of activities required to complete a project

c. A cumulative calculation of yield over multiple process steps

d. A secondary metric derived from a primary metric

b. A detailed listing of activities required to complete a project

Which option refers to a Type I error?

a. Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true

b. Accepting the null hypothesis when it is true

c. Not rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false

d. Accepting the null hypothesis when it is false

a. Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true

Which two design methodologies are commonly used in Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) projects?

a. DMADV and IDOV

b. DMADV and PDSA

c. DMAIC and PDSA

d. DMAIC and IDOV

a. DMADV and IDOV

Which model describes the factors that make up value in the eyes of the customer?

a. CQFA

b. DMADV

c. SIPOC

d. IDOV

a. CQFA

Given a standard deviation of 2 and a specification limit range from 70 to 130, what is the ratio of the precision distribution to the precision total?

a. -0.20

b. 0.20

c. 5.00

d. -5.00

b. 0.20

Regarding communication flow, what is a drawback to a downward flow of communication?

a. Information is shared between other organizational units in the same level

b. Subordinates withhold discrediting information form supervisors

c. The initial message is distorted once it reaches its intended recipient

d. Supervisors are only given positive information

c. The initial message is distorted once it reaches its intended recipient

The effects of a change are observed during which step of the Deming-Shewhart cycle?

a. Act

b. Plan

c. Do

d. Study

d. Study

This table contains six lots of items from a production run of 100 items and the number of defects found in each lot.

Given that there are eight opportunities for defects in the process, what is the defects per million opportunities (DPMO) of this process?

Defects 0 1 2 3 4 5

Units 60 18 10 6 4 2

a. 0.10250

b. 102,500

c. 68,750

d. 0.06876

b. 102,500

How is criticality assigned in a failure mode effects and criticality analysis (FMECA)?

a. Criticality is assigned based on how the failure will affect customer satisfaction

b. Criticality is assigned based on how the failure will affect production cost

c. Criticality is assigned based on how the failure will affect delivery to the customer

d. Criticality is assigned based on how the failure will affect the system as a whole

d. Criticality is assigned based on how the failure will affect the system as a whole

Which option represents the main characteristic indicating a significant interaction on an interaction plot?

a. Steep line

b. Parallel lines

c. Lines consistently far apart

d. Non-parallel lines

d. Non-parallel lines

Which is best defined as performing an experimental run multiple times by completely breaking down the setup and set point between runs?

a. Repetition

b. Parallel Experiments

c. Replication

d. Sequential Experiments

c. Replication

Which lean tool ensures that the condition and state of manufacturing processes are clear and readily accessible?

a. SMED

b. Visual factory

c. OEE

d. Value stream mapping

b. Visual factory

Which option is defined as "having an operator make similar measurements close to the same time"?

a. Precision

b. Nominal

c. Calibration

d. Accuracy

a. Precision

Which formula represents the P/T ratio?

a. 6*standard deviation / (USL - LSL)

b. (Product Variation + Measurement Variation) / 6*standard deviation

c. (USL - LSL) / 6*standard deviation

d. 6*standard deviation / (Product Variation + Measurement Variation)

a. 6*standard deviation / (USL - LSL)

When using the classical approach to team problem solving, what is the final step?

a. Define the problem

b. Investigate the problem

c. Confirm the results

d. Implement a solution

c. Confirm the results

Which quality pioneer created statistical process control charts?

a. Genichi Taguchi

b. Kaoru Ishikawa

c. Joseph M. Juran

d. Walter A Shewhart

d. Walter A Shewhart

Where in the house of quality would you find a list of customer needs and desires?

a. Right wall

b. Foundation

c. Left wall

d. Roof

c. Left wall

Which option only appears in a project's milestone report?

a. The project's objectives

b. The project's budget

c. The project's status

d. The project's roadblocks

d. The project's roadblocks

Which lean concept describes an improvement initiative in a specific area, by a number of individuals from different groups, over a short period of time?

a. Kaizen

b. Poka-yoke

c. Kaizen blitz

d. TPM

c. Kaizen blitz

Which inference test would you use to test if the variances of the two samples are equal?

a. F test

b. 2 mean unequal variance t test

c. 2 mean equal variance t test

d. Paired t test

a. F test

When the same functions performed by different machines produce different results, which type of variation can this be attributed to in a multi-vari chart?

a. Positional

b. Temporal

c. Cyclical

d. Ordinal

c. Cyclical

You have created a Supplier, Input, Process, Output, Customer (SIPOC) diagram for your business system. You notice that the output of your process has changed but there has been no change in the suppliers, inputs, or the process. What information can be derived from this scenario?

a. The SIPOC diagram is not complete

b. Changes in output are not controlled by the suppliers, inputs, or the process

c. The suppliers, inputs, or the process are unstable

d. Changes in output are not related to changes in suppliers, inputs, or the process

a. The SIPOC diagram is not complete

In which measurement scale is the central location determined by the mode of the data?

a. Nominal

b. Interval

c. Ordinal

d. Ratio

a. Nominal

Using the student t test, how do you determine if the test is a two-tailed test?

a. The sign for the null hypothesis is =

b. The sign for the null hypothesis is <

c. The sign for the alternate hypothesis is =

d. The sign for the alternate hypothesis is <

c. The sign for the alternate hypothesis is =

The type of need where a customer thinks they desire a product is known as "perceived needs", who coined the term "perceived needs"?

a. Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa

b. Dr. W. Edwards Deming

c. Dr. Joseph M. Juran

d. Dr. Walter A. Stewhart

c. Dr. Joseph M. Juran