Ap Psychlogy Unit 1 Test

John Locke

an English thinker who believed we are born with a blank mind and learn everything through experience. He also had ideas about how governments should be based on agreements between people.

Wihelm Wundt

• established the first psychology lab

• wanted to measure the “atoms of the mind” the fastes mental processes and is considered the "father of modern psychology."

Edward Titchener Bradford

introduced structuralism to study the elements of the mind

used introspection

Structuralism

Early psychology tried to break the mind and thoughts into basic parts, like how chemists broke matter into elements on the periodic table.

Introspection

means examining your own thoughts and feelings to understand your mind

Charles Darwin

• natural selection of mental and physical traits

• adaptive evolution

• influenced William James

William James

• introduced functionalism

• principles of psychology

Functionalism

the idea that our thoughts, feelings, and senses exist because they help us survive and adapt.

Mary Whiton Calkins

• student of William James

• denied her Ph.D due to gender

• memory researcher

• first female president of the APA

Margaret Floy Washburn

• student of Edward Titchener

• first female to earn Ph.D. in psychology

• the animal mind

B.F. Skinner

he believed that people (and animals) learn behaviors based on what happens after. If a behavior is followed by a reward, it’s more likely to happen again; if it’s followed by punishment, it’s less likely to happen.

John B. Watson

believed that behavior comes from what we learn in our environment, not from our thoughts or genetics.

behaviorism

• Psychology should be an objective science

• observable behavior is important to study not the

unseen mental processes

Sigmund

• developed an influential

  treatment process called

  psychoanalysis

• personality theory

What is Freudian

(or psychoanalytic) psychology?

Unconscious forces and

childhood experiences

affect our behavior and

mental processes.

Abraham Maslow

Carl Rogers

• Humans strive to

reach their full

potential

• Unconditional love

• Personal growth

humanism

• “third force” in psychology

• rejected both behaviorism and

psychoanalytic psychology

• the study of potential and personal growth

Nature-Nurture Issue

• Is it genes or is it experience?

• Contemporary psychology recognizes the importance of both nature and nurture as well as how they interact

nature

• Behaviors and mental

process occur because

they are inborn or innate

Socrates and Plato

Rene Descartes

Charles Darwin

nurture

• Behaviors and mental

processes occur as a result

of experience or the

environment

Aristotle

John Locke’s “blank slate”

Positive Psychology

• the scientific study of human flourishing

• goal of discovering and promoting human strengths and virtues

• strengthening individuals and communities

Gender

socially constructed roles and characteristics by which a culture defines male and female.

Social-Cultural

How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures

basic

research

• Scientific inquiry that aims

to increase

psychology’s

knowledge base

• Pure science

applied

research

• Scientific inquiry that aims

to use psychology to

solve practical

problems

• Real-world application of

science

Clinical Psychologists

help people with mental, emotional, and behavior problems, give tests to understand them better, provide therapy or counseling, and sometimes do research.

I/O psychologists

study the relationship between people and our work environments. They investigate worker productivity and personnel selection, as well as organizational structuring, consumer behavior, and training.

Developmental psychologist

study how our behavior changes as we age

Educational psychologist

study how we learn in different environments and in different ways

Psychometric psychologist

uses math and statistics to create, administer, score, and interpret tests, intelligence or personality tests

Social psychologist

study how we interact with others and how groups impact us individually

Forensic psychologist

bring law and psychology together

I/O psychologists

study the relationship between people and our work environments

investigate worker productivity and personnel selections, as well organizational structuring, consumer behavior, and training

Rehabilitation psychologists

help individuals who have lost functioning after an accident or illness

Community psychologist

work with larger groups and communities and focusing on crisis management such as recovering from a hurricane

Psychiatrist

holds an MD

May prescribe drugs to treat the physiological causes of psychological disorders

may also provide psychotherapy