Oncology

Benign tumors

Tumors that are not harmful, do not spread, and are generally encapsulated.

Malignant tumors

Abnormal cells that serve no useful function, harmful to the body, and capable of spreading.

Well differentiated

Tumor cells that closely resemble normal cells of the tissue from which they originated.

Metastasis

The spread of cancer cells from the original site to other parts of the body.

Carcinogens

Substances that can lead to cancer, such as tobacco smoke and UV radiation.

Caution (Acronym)

A mnemonic for warning signs of cancer: Change in bowel habits, A sore that doesn't heal, Unusual bleeding/discharge, Thickening or lump, Indigestion, Obvious changes in moles, Nagging cough.

Stage 0 cancer

Cancer that is localized and has not spread from its original location.

Chemoprevention

Use of drugs or chemicals to disrupt the steps in cancer development.

Radiation therapy

Treatment that uses high doses of radiation to kill or shrink tumors.

Bone marrow suppression

A decrease in bone marrow activity, resulting in lower levels of blood cells.

CINV (Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting)

Nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy treatment.

Extravasation

Leaking of chemotherapy drug into the surrounding tissue, causing damage.

Palliative surgery

Surgery aimed at relieving symptoms rather than curing the disease.

Prophylactic surgery

Removal of at-risk tissues to prevent cancer from developing.

Doxorubicin

A chemotherapy drug known for its potential cardiotoxic side effects.

Fatigue

A common side effect of cancer treatment, especially due to radiation and chemotherapy.

Neutropenia

A decrease in neutrophils, raising the risk of infection.

Alopecia

Hair loss often experienced by patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Cognitive dysfunction (Chemo brain)

A condition where patients experience decreased concentration and memory after chemotherapy.

Quality of life

Overall enjoyment of life and satisfaction, often a focus in cancer treatment.