Animal diversity

Defining features of animals

Animals are multicellular and eat other organisms for energy.

Nutritional habits of animals

Animals eat other organisms.

How sponges feed

Sponges collect nutrients from water using choanocytes.

Symmetry in jellyfish and corals

They exhibit radial symmetry.

Characteristic of diploblastic animals

They have two body layers and one opening.

Key feature of triploblastic animals

They have three embryonic layers.

Benefit of bilateral symmetry

It helps in effective movement and hunting.

Deuterostomes in chordates

The blastula becomes the anus.

Notochord function

It supports the spinal column.

Common trait of echinoderms

They have radial symmetry as adults.

Function of tube feet in echinoderms

They help with movement and grabbing objects.

Groups of vertebrates

Lob-finned fish, ray-finned fish, and tetrapods.

What is a blastula?

A hollow ball of cells in early development.

Difference between arthropods and deuterostomes

In arthropods, the mouth forms first.

Function of lophophore

It is used for feeding.

Examples of lophotrochozoans

Mollusks, annelids, and flatworms.

Growth in ecdysozoans

They grow by shedding their exoskeleton.

Roundworms vs. segmented worms

Roundworms lack segmentation; segmented worms are divided into segments.

What are tardigrades?

Microscopic animals that survive extreme conditions.

Characteristics of vertebrates

They have a central nervous system and an internal skeleton.

Amniotes definition

They have eggs that allow development on land.

Function of mammary glands

They provide milk for offspring.

Marsupials' care for young

They carry young in a pouch.

Innovation of jawed vertebrates

Jaws provided a feeding advantage.

Function of pharyngeal slits

They act as gills for gas exchange.

Groups of mammals

Prototherians (egg-laying), marsupials (pouch-care), eutherians (live birth).

Characteristic of annelids

They have segmented bodies.

Gastropods in mollusks

They include snails.

Clade with jointed appendages

Arthropods.

Types of arthropods

Crustaceans, hexapods, myriapods, and chelicerates.

Lobe-finned fish significance

They are ancestors of land vertebrates.

Amniotic eggs vs. regular eggs

Amniotic eggs have protective shells.

Echinoderms' symmetry

They have radial symmetry as adults.

Hagfishes and lampreys' feature

They lack jaws.

Jointed limbs in arthropods

They help with movement and hunting.

Blastula definition

It is an early embryonic structure.

Central nervous system in chordates

It is a dorsal, hollow nerve cord.

Reptiles' common feature

All have an amniotic egg.

Postanal tail function

It aids in movement.

Benefits of internal skeletons

They provide support and organ protection.

Examples of prototherian mammals

The platypus.