Chapter 1: The Microbial World and You

Hookes discovery

________ marked the beginning of the cell theory- the theory that all living things are composed of cells.

Genomics

________ is the study of all of an organ- isms genes, scientists are able to classify bacteria and fungi according to their genetic relationships with other bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.

Rudolf Virchow

In 1858 ________ challenged the case for spontaneous generation with the concept of biogenesis, hypothesizing that living cells arise only from preexisting living cells.

Algae

________ (singular: ________) are photosynthetic eukaryotes with a wide variety of shapes and both sexual and asexual repro- ductive forms.

Chemicals

________ produced naturally by bacteria and fungi that act against other microorganisms are called antibiotics.

1995

First detected in ________, Ebola virus disease causes fever, hemorrhaging, and blood clotting in vessels.

vaccination

The protection from disease provided by ________ (or by recovery from the disease itself) is called immunity.

genetic material

Because their ________ is not enclosed in a special nuclear membrane, bacterial cells are called prokaryotes.

Chemotherapeutic agents

________ prepared from chemicals in the laboratory are called synthetic drugs.

Protozoa

________ (singular: protozoan) are unicellular eukaryotic microbes.

Fungi

________ are eukaryotes, organisms whose cells have a distinct nucleus containing the cells genetic material (DNA), surrounded by a special envelope called the nuclear membrane.

Microbes

________ that live stably in and on the human body are called the human microbiome, or microbiota.

Recombinant DNA

________ (rDNA) technology inserts ________ into bac- teria (or other microbes) to make large quantities of a desired protein.

Microbial ecology

________, the study of the relationship between microorganisms and their environment, originated with the work of these scientists.

infectious disease

A(n) ________ is a disease in which pathogens invade a susceptible host, such as a human or an animal.

Parasitology

________ is the study of protozoa and parasitic worms.

Bacteria

________ (singular: ________) are relatively simple, single- celled (unicellular) organisms.

Golden Age of Microbiology

The study of viruses, virology, originated during the First ________.

Animal parasites

________ are eukaryotes.

Bacteria (singular

bacterium) are relatively simple, single-celled (unicellular) organisms

Protozoa (singular

protozoan) are unicellular eukaryotic microbes

Until the second half of the nineteenth century, many scientists and philosophers believed that some forms of life could arise spontaneously from nonliving matter; they called this hypo

thetical process spontaneous generation

Mycology, the study of fungi, includes medical, agricul

tural, and ecological branches

Genomics is the study of all of an organ

isms genes, scientists are able to classify bacteria and fungi according to their genetic relationships with other bacteria, fungi, and protozoa

Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology inserts recombinant DNA into bac

teria (or other microbes) to make large quantities of a desired protein

Avian influenza A (H5N1), or bird flu, caught the atten

tion of the public in 2003, when it killed millions of poultry and 24 people in southeast Asia