Biology Paper 1
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17 Terms
What type of cells are plants and animal cells?
They are eukaryotic cells
What three structures do both plant and animal cells have
a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material enclosed in a nucleus
What does eukaryotic mean
A cell whose genetic material is enclosed in a nucleus
What type of cells are bacterial cells
Prokaryotic cells
How do bacterial cells compare in size with plant and animal cells
Bacterial cells are much smaller.
What structures do bacterial cells have?
They have cytoplasm and a cell membrane, which is surrounded by a cell wall.
What are the sub cellular structures in animal cells and their functions
Nucleus — contains genetic material (DNA) and controls the activities of the cell.
Cytoplasm — where most of the cell’s chemical reactions take place.
Cell membrane — controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Mitochondria — where aerobic respiration occurs, releasing energy.
Ribosomes — where proteins are made (protein synthesis).
What are the main subcelular structures in plant cells
Chloroplasts — where photosynthesis occurs; contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy.
Permanent vacuole — contains cell sap and helps maintain pressure inside the cell, supporting the cell.
Cell wall — made of cellulose; strengthens and supports the cell.
Where is the genetic material found in a bacterial cell?
It is not enclosed in a nucleus.
What form does the main bacterial DNA take?
A single DNA loop.
What are plasmids?
Small rings of DNA found in bacterial cells.
How many plasmids can a bacterial cell have?
It may have one or more plasmids.
What is the key difference between the genetic material of a bacterial cell and a eukaryotic cell?
In bacteria, the genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus and consists of a single DNA loop, whereas in eukaryotic cells it is enclosed within a nucleus.
What type of calculations involving cell size must you be able to perform?
Order of magnitude calculations.
What is an order of magnitude?
A factor of 10 difference between quantities, usually expressed by comparing their powers of 10.