prejudice, discrimination and stereotyping

prejudice

attitude. how you evaluate someone based on their group membership

discrimination

behaviour. when you treat someone differently based on their group membership

stereotyping

cognition. generalized belief about members of a group that may or may not be true for every individual of the group. not inherantly pos or neg

inequality’s effect on prejudice

prejudices are more likely to occur when groups are of unequal status.

socialization’s effect on prejudice

kids tend to pick up their parent’s prejudiced attitudes. sometimes religion can be used to justify (structural) prejudice and discrimination

conformity’s influence on prejudice

when a society has prejudiced norms people adopt prejudiced attitudes and can discriminate due to conformity

realistic group conflict theory

aggression can result from displaced frustration. relates to scarcity (perceived competition between groups.) can be symbolic scarcity. (outside group is threatening ingroup morals and values (relates to immigration xenophobia)

social identity theory and discrimination

we prefer our ingroup and can become prejudiced to outgroup. tied to self esteem and mere categorization effect

mere categorization effect

just being told hey this group is yours = you like it

Out group derogation

we tend to put down/have negative thoughts about people outside our group -> can lead to prejudice -> bigger group can hold this over smaller groups

social dominance orientation

a motivation for group-based dominance. feeling strongly that your group should be in charge. higher SDO = higher hierarchy-enhancing legitimizing myth

hierarchy-enhancing legitimizing myths

belief that some groups are more valuable than others. eg poor people are poor because they work less hard

hierarchy-attenuating legitizimizing myths

against the belief that some groups are more valuable than others

system justification theory

idea that we are all implicitly motivated to see the social structure we exist in positively. justifies social order.

just world beliefs

cognitive aspect of system justification theory. beliefs that the world is fair. where we get victim blaming and meritocracy

meritocracy

people get what they earn and earn what they get

victim blaming

someone is harmed by social system/individual. we look at system say its fair and think the person must have caused it

categorization

our brains love to put things in groups to save energy (eg heuristics) but with people is is stereotyping which is bad

outgroup homogeneity effect

we see our ingroup as more diverse than other groups. more likely to apply heuristics to outgroups

illusory relationships

taking 1 distinctive example from an outgroup and creating an unconscious association to the whole group (eg 9-11)

self-perpetuation of stereotypes

we tend to notice things that fit out stereotypes more often. creates self-fulfilling prophecies. can be fully implicit

stereotype threat

model that says when stereotype is primed the group will do worse and when it isnt primed it will be more true (eg varsity students being worse students)