Youth Justice Review Flashcards

Flashcards generated from lecture notes on youth justice, covering topics from discrimination against young people to the historical context of youth justice legislation in Canada.

What is a form of discrimination against young people?

Store owners may limit access based on assumptions of potential theft due to their social status.

What behaviors are included in the category of misbehavior or delinquency?

Antisocial behavior, violating social norms, mores, laws, statutes, or regulations.

How does social perception affect young people concerning the law?

Young people with backpacks and hoodies are often feared and targeted, and police officers are more likely to stop drivers with their hoods up.

What act governs youth crime in Canada?

The Youth Criminal Justice Act

What is the applicable age range for the Youth Criminal Justice Act in Canada?

12 to 17

Violations of laws often stem from what?

Violations of social norms and morals.

What are some explanations for youth misbehavior?

Bad parenting, video games, and peer influence.

What components of the adult system does the youth justice system mirror?

Cops, courts, and corrections.

What is Canada's largest youth prison?

Roy McMurty Youth Centre in Brampton, Ontario.

Which youth populations are housed at RMYC?

Sentenced individuals and those awaiting trial.

What is the most common charge against young people entering RMYC in the last two years?

Motor vehicle theft.

Why are younger individuals encouraged to steal cars?

They fall under the Youth Criminal Justice Act and receive lighter sentences.

What foundational social issues is the justice system not designed to solve?

Poverty, discrimination, and racism.

What is the explanation for these issues being entrenched in the justice system?

Colonialism, misogyny, and racism.

The existing justice system was designed by people with what attributes?

Individuals with agency, money, and social position.

What understanding is crucial for understanding juvenile justice in Canada?

Socio-legal, cultural, and historical understanding

What was the understanding of youth and adolescence in the Pre-Confederation Era?

Concepts of youth and adolescence did not exist as social phenomena.

What two social categories existed in the Pre-Confederation Era?

Infant and adult

What rights did children have in the Pre-Confederation Era?

They were considered property of their parents.

Where was the site of Canada's first federal penitentiary?

Kingston, Ontario.

Who was housed together at Kingston Penitentiary?

Men, women, and children.

What changes occurred in the Victorian Era?

Academic and philosophical beliefs challenged religious views, and psychologists highlighted emotional, physical, and psychological differences between young people and adults.

What issues did social reformers address?

Poverty, morality, crime, and delinquency.

What did the child savers movement aim to do?

Aimed to save children from negative influences.

Who was a pivotal figure in the child savers movement?

J.J. Kelso.

What organizations did J.J. Kelso create?

The Humane Society, the Santa Claus parade, and the Children's Aid Society of Toronto.

What was Canada's first youth justice legislation in 1908?

The Juvenile Delinquency Act (JDA).

What are the key pieces of youth justice legislation?

Juvenile Delinquency Act (JDA) - 1908, Young Offenders Act (YOA) - 1984, Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) - 2003

Under the JDA, what is the guiding legal concept?

Act in the best interests of the child.

What does Section 38 of the JDA state about children?

Children are misdirected and need aid, encouragement, help, and assistance

What factors were identified as causes of delinquency under the JDA?

Single mothers, family breakdown, poverty, and lack of education.