Copy of CellOrganelleslecture (copy)

Prokaryote

A type of cell that lacks organelles and has a simpler structure, typically bacteria.

Eukaryote

A type of cell that contains organelles and has a more complex structure, including animal and plant cells.

Micron

A unit of measurement equal to one millionth of a meter, used to measure cell sizes.

Homeostasis

The process by which cells maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

The energy currency of the cell, used to fuel various cellular activities.

Lysosomes

Organelles that digest food and recycle broken organelles, acting as the cell's waste disposal system.

Mitochondria

Organelles responsible for producing ATP through aerobic cellular respiration, converting sugar and oxygen into energy.

Chloroplasts

Organelles found in plant cells that convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into sugar through photosynthesis.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell that protects DNA and contains instructions for building proteins.

Ribosomes

Organelles that serve as protein factories, reading instructions from DNA to build proteins.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

An organelle that processes proteins and makes membranes; can be rough (with ribosomes) or smooth (without ribosomes).

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle that finishes, packages, and ships proteins within vesicles, similar to a shipping department.

Centrioles

Organelles that help coordinate cell division, found only in animal cells.

Vacuoles

Membrane-bound sacs that store materials and transport substances within the cell.

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like material that holds organelles in place within the cell.

Cell Membrane

The boundary of the cell that controls the movement of materials in and out and recognizes signals from other cells.

Phospholipid Bilayer

The double layer of fat that makes up the cell membrane, providing structure and protection.

Autophagy

The process by which lysosomes digest broken organelles and recycle their components.

Photosynthesis

The process by which chloroplasts convert sunlight into chemical energy in the form of sugar.