SUMMARY

Active Immunity

Stimulates the immune system via humoral or cellular response

Passive Immunity

Administration of antibody-containing preparations

Active Immunity

Immunity characterized by a slower onset as it requires time to mount a response

Passive Immunity

Immunity characterized by immediate protection

Active Immunity

Immunity that is long-lasting, often for years to life

Passive Immunity

Immunity that is transient, lasting only weeks to months

Infection or vaccination

Two primary sources of active immunity

Natural maternal passage or artificial Ig preparations

Two primary sources of passive immunity

Live-Attenuated Vaccines

Vaccines that replicate within the host

Non-Live Inactivated Vaccines

Vaccines that do not replicate in the host

Live-Attenuated Vaccines

Vaccines that produce a response identical to natural infection

Non-Live Inactivated Vaccines

Vaccines where immunity is less long-lasting and requires boosters

Live-Attenuated Vaccines

Vaccines whose effectiveness is affected by circulating antibodies

Non-Live Inactivated Vaccines

Vaccines that are less affected by circulating antibodies

Oral or subcutaneous

The two usual routes for live-attenuated vaccines

Intramuscular

The usual route for non-live inactivated vaccines

Live-Attenuated Vaccines

Vaccines contraindicated in the immunocompromised

Non-Live Inactivated Vaccines

Vaccines generally safe for the immunocompromised

LAIV (Live flu)

Example of a vaccine given via the intranasal route

Intranasal

Route for LAIV that is not readily available in the Philippines

OPV, Rotavirus, and Oral Typhoid/Cholera

Three examples of oral vaccines

Side of the cheek

Specific anatomical instruction for applying oral vaccines

BCG and Rabies

Two examples of intradermal vaccines

10 to 15 degrees

Required angle for intradermal vaccine administration

Form a wheal

Required physical outcome of an intradermal vaccine injection

MMR, Varicella, and JEV

Three examples of subcutaneous vaccines

45 degrees

Required angle for subcutaneous vaccine administration

Triceps or anterolateral thigh

Two anatomical sites for subcutaneous injections

DTaP, PCV, Hep B, and HPV

Four examples of intramuscular vaccines

90 degrees

Required angle for intramuscular vaccine administration

Thigh

Anatomical site for IM injections in children less than 2 years old

Deltoid

Anatomical site for IM injections in children 2 years and older

BCG and Hepatitis B

Two vaccines administered at birth

6 weeks

Timing for the first dose of Pentavalent, PCV, and OPV

DPT, HepB, and HiB

The three components combined in the Pentavalent vaccine

10 weeks

Timing for the second dose of Pentavalent, PCV, and OPV

14 weeks

Timing for the third dose of Pentavalent, PCV, and OPV

14 weeks

Timing for the first dose of the IPV vaccine

9 months

Timing for the first dose of the MMR vaccine

9 months

Timing for the second dose of the IPV vaccine

1 year

Timing for the second dose of the MMR vaccine

Obese

Nutritional classification for a Z-score above plus 3

Overweight

Nutritional classification for a Z-score above plus 2

Normal Range

Nutritional classification for a Z-score between plus 1 and minus 1

Stunted

Nutritional classification for a Height-for-Age Z-score below minus 2

Underweight

Nutritional classification for a Weight-for-Age Z-score below minus 2

Wasted

Nutritional classification for a Weight-for-Height or BMI Z-score below minus 2

Severely stunted, underweight, or wasted

Classification for a Z-score below minus 3

Height-for-Age

Parameter associated with the HFA abbreviation

Weight-for-Age

Parameter associated with the WFA abbreviation

Weight-for-Height

Parameter associated with the WFH abbreviation

Five or more

Recommended servings of vegetables and fruits every day

Two hours

Maximum daily limit for screen time

One hour

Minimum daily requirement for active play

Zero

Recommended number of sugar-sweetened drinks

Medical domain

Pediatric Feeding Disorder domain focusing on underlying conditions like GERD or CP

Nutritional domain

Pediatric Feeding Disorder domain focusing on intake gaps or food deserts

Feeding Skills domain

Pediatric Feeding Disorder domain focusing on oral-motor skills like chewing and swallowing

Psychosocial domain

Pediatric Feeding Disorder domain focusing on emotional and behavioral challenges

GERD, Dysphagia, or Cerebral Palsy

Three medical conditions focused on in the PFD Medical domain

Nutrient intake gaps and restricted variety

Two focus areas of the PFD Nutritional domain

Sensory integration

Focus area of the PFD Feeding Skills domain besides oral-motor skills

Caregiver-child interaction

Focus area of the PFD Psychosocial domain besides emotional challenges

Weight Reduction

Modification recommending maintenance of a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9

5 to 20 mmHg

Expected SBP reduction per 10kg of weight loss

DASH Diet

Diet modification rich in fruits and vegetables but low in saturated fat

8 to 14 mmHg

Expected SBP reduction from the DASH diet

Physical Activity

Modification recommending more than 150 minutes per week

4 to 9 mmHg

Expected SBP reduction from increased physical activity

Sodium Intake

Modification recommending less than 1.5g sodium or 3.8g salt per day

2 to 8 mmHg

Expected SBP reduction from reduced sodium intake

Alcohol Limit

Modification recommending 2 or fewer drinks for men and 1 or fewer for women

2 to 4 mmHg

Expected SBP reduction from limiting alcohol intake

Tobacco Smoking

IARC Group 1 carcinogen listed as confirmed carcinogenic

Processed Meat

Carcinogen confirmed to cause colorectal cancer

Alcoholic Drinks

Carcinogen confirmed to cause mouth, liver, and breast cancer

Solar Radiation

Carcinogen listed as confirmed carcinogenic besides tobacco and diet

Specific

The S in the SMART goal framework

What exactly will you accomplish?

The key question for the Specific component of SMART goals

Measurable

The M in the SMART goal framework

How will you know when you have achieved it?

The key question for the Measurable component of SMART goals

Attainable

The A in the SMART goal framework

Is this realistic given your resources?

The key question for the Attainable component of SMART goals

Relevant

The R in the SMART goal framework

Why is this goal significant to you?

The key question for the Relevant component of SMART goals

Time-based

The T in the SMART goal framework

When will you achieve this goal?

The key question for the Time-based component of SMART goals

Pre-contemplation

Stage where there is no intention to change in 6 months

I won't or I can't

Typical statement during the Pre-contemplation stage

Contemplation

Stage where one is considering change within 6 months

I might

Typical statement during the Contemplation stage

Preparation

Stage where there is a plan to take action within the month

I will

Typical statement during the Preparation stage

Action

Stage where change has occurred for less than 6 months

I am

Typical statement during the Action stage

Maintenance

Stage where change has been sustained for more than 6 months

I still am

Typical statement during the Maintenance stage

Ask

Smoking cessation step to systematically identify all tobacco users at every visit

Advise

Smoking cessation step to strongly urge all users to quit in a personalized manner

Assess

Smoking cessation step to determine willingness to make a quit attempt