Studied by 5 people
5 kingdoms of living things
animals
plants
fungi
protoctists
prokaryotes
eukaryotes
multicellular or unicellular organisms made up of cells that contain a nucleus with a distinct membrane
eukaryotic organisms
animals, plants, fungi and protoctists
prokaryotes
unicellular organisms that do not contain a nucleus, smaller than eukaryotes
features of animal cells
multicellular
membrane-bound organelles
heterotrophic
store carbohydrates as glycogen
examples of animals
mammals
insects
features of plant cells
multicellular
membrane-bound organelles
cell walls made out of cellulose
cells contain chloroplasts
feed by photosynthesis
store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose
examples of plants
flowering plants
maize
herbaceous legume
nucleus
contains genetic material and control centre of the cell
cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell, site of chemical reactions, support for organelles
cell membrane
controls which substances can enter or leave the cell
ribosomes
site of protein synthesis
mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of (energy) production
cell wall
A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell
chloroplasts
contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis
vacuole
A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area and contains cell sap
features of fungal cells
usually multicellular but some are unicellular
made up of thread-like structures known as hyphae that contain many nuclei
membrane-bound organelles
cell walls made of chitin
saprotrophic nutrition
some are parasitic
some store carbohydrates as glycogen
Examples of fungi
moulds
mushrooms
yeasts
mucor
features of protoctist cells
microscopic
uni-cellular
membrane-bound organelles
some have cells walls and chloroplasts
some protoctists photosynthesise and some feed on organic - substances made by other living things
Examples of protoctists
amoeba, paramecium, plasmodium, chlorella
features of bacterial cells
microscopic
uni-cellular
have a cell wall (not made of cellulose), cell membrane, cytoplasm and plasmids
lack a nucleus but contain a circular chromosome of DNA
some can carry out photosynthesis but most feed off other organisms
examples of bacteria
Lactobacillus
Pneumococcus
lactobacillus bulgaricus - structure
rod-shaped bacterium usedd in the production of yoghurt from milk
pneumococcus - structure
spherical bacterium acting as a pathogen causing pneumonia
pathogen
an organism that causes disease
examples of micro-organisms that are pathogens
Bacteria
Fungi
Protoctists
Viruses
viruses
non-living particles
How do viruses reproduce?
they take over a host cell
features of viruses
small particles
parasitic and can only reproduce inside living cells
infect every type of living organism
no cellular structure
have a protein coat and contain one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA
examples of viruses
tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) HIV influenza
Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)
a widespread plant pathogen that causes discolouring on leaves by preventing chloroplast formation
human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV)
a virus that can lead to AIDS
influenza
infects humans to cause the flu
