PSY-320: Abnormal Psychology Final Exam Study Set

What are paraphilias?

Disorders involving recurrent, intense, atypical sexual interests causing distress or impairment.

What is fetishism?

Sexual arousal from nonliving objects or specific non-genital body parts.

What is sexual masochism disorder?

Sexual arousal from being humiliated, beaten, or made to suffer.

What is sexual sadism disorder?

Sexual arousal from inflicting humiliation or suffering on others.

What is voyeuristic disorder?

Sexual arousal from watching an unsuspecting person who is naked or engaging in sexual activity

What characterizes male hypoactive sexual desire disorder?

Persistently low or absent sexual interest or desire in males.

What is performance anxiety (sexual dysfunction)?

Fear of being unable to perform sexually, often causing dysfunction.

What characterizes obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

Perfectionism, rigidity, and control without true obsessions/compulsions.

What characterizes schizoid personality disorder?

A personality disorder featuring persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion.

What characterizes schizotypal personality disorder?

Extreme discomfort in close relationships, very odd patterns of thinking and perceiving, and behavioral eccentricities.

What characterizes antisocial personality disorder?

Disregard for and violation of the rights of others; deceitful, impulsive, lack of remorse.

What are the key traits of avoidant personality disorder?

Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.

What defines dependent personality disorder?

Excessive need to be taken care of and fear of separation.

What defines narcissistic personality disorder?

Grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy.

What are the symptoms of paranoid personality disorder?

Distrust and suspiciousness of others without justification.

What characterizes borderline personality disorder?

Instability in emotions, relationships, identity; impulsivity; fear of abandonment.

What is alogia?

Poverty of speech; a decrease in speech or speech content.

What are hallucinations?

Sensory perceptions without external stimuli (most commonly auditory).

What are delusions?

Strongly held false beliefs not based in reality.

What are neologisms?

Made-up words used by individuals with schizophrenia.

What is catatonia?

A pattern of extreme psychomotor symptoms, found in some forms of schizophrenia, which may include catatonic stupor, rigidity, or posturing

What are extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)?

Drug-induced movement disorders such as tremors, rigidity, and restlessness.

Where are neurofibrillary tangles and plaques found, and what do they indicate?

Found in Alzheimer’s disease; indicate neuronal damage.

What are phenothiazines used for and what are their side effects?

Antipsychotics with antihistamine effects; can cause sedation and movement side effects.

What are neuroleptics and their major side effect?

Traditional antipsychotics causing extrapyramidal effects.

What is a serious side effect of atypical antipsychotics?

Agranulocytosis (dangerously low white blood cell count).

What is methylphenidate used for, and what are its side effects?

Treats ADHD; may cause decreased appetite and sleep disturbances.

What does the double-bind hypothesis propose?

Conflicting communication from parents may contribute to schizophrenia.

What is expressed emotion?

High levels of criticism, hostility, or overinvolvement in families; linked to schizophrenia relapse.

What is a token economy?

Behavioral system where desired behaviors earn tokens exchangeable for rewards.

What is aftercare?

Follow-up treatment after hospitalization for mental illness.

What is milieu therapy?

Creating a supportive therapeutic environment promoting social and coping skills.

Damage to the substantia nigra causes what symptoms?

Parkinsonian symptoms: rigidity, tremors, poor coordination.

What is the function of the hippocampus?

Memory processing and formation.

What does the cerebellum control?

Movement coordination and rapid attention shifting.

What are the core symptoms of ADHD?

Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity.

What is conduct disorder?

Persistent violation of societal rules and others’ rights.

What is enuresis?

Repeated involuntary bedwetting.

What are the core features of autism spectrum disorder?

Substantial unresponsiveness to others, significant communication deficits, and highly repetitive and rigid behaviors, interests, and activities.

What causes fetal alcohol syndrome?

Prenatal alcohol exposure leading to cognitive and physical deficits.

What is delirium?

Sudden disturbance in attention and awareness.

Hallmarks of Alzheimer’s?

Memory impairment, plaques, and tangles.

What characterizes Huntington’s disease?

An inherited disease, characterized by progressive problems in cognition, emotion, and movement, that results in a neurocognitive disorder.

What is Creutzfeldt-Jakob’s disease (CJD)?

Rare prion disease causing rapid cognitive deterioration.

What are the key features of Parkinson’s disease?

Tremors, rigidity, slow movement.

What causes vascular neurocognitive disorder?

Brain damage from reduced blood flow (strokes).

What is forensic psychology?

Applying psychology to legal and criminal justice settings.

What does the M’Naghten rule define?

Insanity = inability to understand the nature or wrongfulness of one’s actions.

What is competency?

The defendant’s ability to understand court proceedings and assist in their defense.

What approximately percentage of defendants plead insanity?

Less than one percent.

What percentage of wrongful convictions does mistaken eyewitness testimony account for?

Almost seventy percent.

T/F: Early-onset Alzheimer’s is worse than late-onset Alzheimer’s.

True - Early-onset progresses more rapidly than late-onset.

What are the Cluster A personality disorders? HINT: 3

Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

What are the Cluster B personality disorders? HINT: 4

Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

What are the Cluster C personality disorders? HINT: 3

Avoidant, dependent, OCD