2. Heart topography & external morphology
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14 Terms
Where is the heart located?
Middle inferior mediastinum, behind the sternum.
How is the heart positioned relative to the median plane?
About 1/3 right and 2/3 left of the midline.
In what direction does the cardiac axis run?
Diagonally, ventrally and caudally
What are the topographic borders of the heart?
Anterior: Sternum + anterior inferior mediastinum.
Posterior: Posterior inferior mediastinum + vertebral column.
Lateral: Lungs/pleura + phrenic nerves + pericardiacophrenic vessels.
Superior: Aortic arch / great vessels.
Inferior: central tendon of diaphragm
Where does the apex touch the thoracic wall?
Left 5th intercostal space, midclavicular line.
What are the surfaces of the heart?
