Chapter 26: The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution (1865-1896)

Battle of Little Bighorn

Key conflict during Great Sioux War where General George Armstrong Custer and the 7th Calvary were completely wiped out by an Indian coalition

• coalition was made up of Lakota Sioux, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho warriors

• battles was fought in Montana Territory

resistance, seize, cultures

The Battle of Little Bighorn, also known as Custer’s Last Stand, highlighted Native American ? to US efforts to ? their lands and suppress their ?

Sitting Bull

a revered Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux Leader who played a massive role in Native American resistance

• known for spiritual leadership and strategic vision to unite the Sioux and other tribes against the US army

resilience, strength

Sitting Bull emphasized cultural ? and spiritual ?

• he actually ended up joining Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show

• he was killed in an arrest attempt connected to the Ghost Dance movement

Chief Joseph

an eloquent and determined leader of the Nez Perce tribe

• a symbol of Native American resistance and suffering in the last 19th century

Canada, pursuit, surrounded, surrender

Chief Joseph tried to retreat his Nez Perce people to ?, but some rogue Native Americans warriors killed Americans to get revenge for their fallen, sparking a hot ?

• Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce were eventually ? and forced to ?

• his people would be relocated to reservations far from their homeland

Geronimo

a legendary leader of the Chiricahua Apache who fiercely resisted US and Mexican encroachment on Apache lands in the Southwest

raids, campaigns

Geronimo led several ? and ? against the US and Mexican armies to resist encroachment

• employed guerrilla tactics to frustrate both armies

  • eventually surrendered to US forces in 1886

fairs, exhibitions, defiance

even after his capture, Geronimo would continue to participate in ? and ? to symbolize Native American resilience and ?

American Bison

a cornerstone of life for Native American Plains tribes

• used these animals for food, clothing, tools, and spiritual connection

  • they were driven to near extinction by the US to destroy the Plain Tribes mentally and physically

cultures, livelihoods

The extermination of American Bison represented the devastation of Native ? and ?

Battle of Wounded Knee

A tragic and violent massacre that occurred due to American efforts to suppress Native American resistance

• many Natives were practicing the Ghost Dance Movement

  • American soldiers killed over 250 Lakota men, women, and children

massacre, suffering

The Battle of Wounded Knee was more similar to that of a ? than an actual battle

• became a symbol for Native American ?

Dawes Severalty Act of 1887

a federal law that aimed at assimilating Native Americans into mainstream US society by dismantling their communal tribal landholding systems

allotments, citizenship, settlers

The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 divided tribal lands into individual ? with the promise of US ? for those who accepted

• leftover lands were sold off to white ?

land, unity, traditions

The Dawe's Severalty Act of 1887 stripped the Natives of millions of acres of ? and undermined their ?

• promoted individual ownership at the expense of tribal unity and ?

Carlisle Indian School

a US effort to assimilate Native Americans through education

• Native children were taken from their families and sent to schools like this one

  • forbidden to speak their language or practice their tradition

cultures, skills, emotional trauma

Carlisle Indian School was an example of one of the schools America created to erase Native ? and replace them with European-American values and ?

• many of the children who went through these schools suffered immense ?

Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show

highly popular traveling performance that dramatized life on the frontier

• reenacted bison hunts, Native American battles, and cowboy culture

  • mythologized the “Wild West”

Native, cultures

Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show provided some ? performers who used the show as a platform to share their ? and experiences

• Sitting Bull was famously a part of the show

Indian Reorganization Act of 1934

Marked a major shift in US policy toward Native Americans

• ended the allotment system imposed by the Dawes Act

• sought to restore tribal self-governance and communal landholding

constitutions, affairs, determination

the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 encouraged Native American tribes to adopt ? and manage their own ? to preserve their practices

• laid the groundwork for modern Native self-?