ATC Unit 10a.

Paved areas of the airport used by aircraft to proceed to or from the runways?

Taxiways

What color are Taxiway markings?

Yellow

Used to define the taxiway edge from the shoulder, or some other abutting paved surface not intended for use by aircraft.

Taxiway Edge

Runway hold lines consists of ______________________________

2 solid yellow lines and 2 dashed yellow lines

The solid side of the Runway Hold Lines indicate the side where the aircraft is to __________.

Stop

The Runway Hold Lines are approximately __________ from the edge of the runway.

100 feet

A rectangular area on a land airport used for the landing and takeoff of aircraft.

Runway

How are parallel runways identified?

L, R, C

Where two or more runways at the same airport whose centerlines are parallel.

Parallel Runways

All runway markings are __________, with the exception of runway shoulder markings, which are __________.

white, yellow

Identifies the center of the runway and provides alignment guidance during takeoffs and landings.

Runway Centerline Markings

Two rectangular markings consist of a broad white stripe located on each side of the runway centerline and approximately 1000’ from the landing threshold.

Runway Aiming Point

Consist of continuous white stripes located on each side of the runway that delineate the edges of the runway. Also provide a visual contrast between runway and the abutting terrain or shoulders.

Runway Side Stripe Markings

Yellow in color and may be used to identify pavement areas contiguous to the runway sides that are not intended for use by aircraft.

Runway Shoulder Markings

A solid white line across the full width of the runway as well as eight longitudinal stripes placed symmetrically about the runway centerline.

Runway Threshold Marking

Will have lighting circuits disconnected, runway markings obliterated, and large yellow crosses, or X’s placed at 1000’ intervals along the full length of the closed surface and at each end.

Permanently Closed Runways

Will have large yellow crosses, or X’s placed only on both ends of the affected runway.

Temporarily Closed Runways

A small, designated area, usually, with a prepared surface, on a heliport, airport, landing/takeoff area, apron/ramp, or movement area used for takeoff, landing, or parking of helicopters.

Helipads

Controllers may authorize Simultaneous Same Direction Operations and Simultaneous Opposite Direction Operations when on parallel runways when:

• Operations are conducted in VFR conditions unless separation is applied

• When two-way radio communications is maintained with the aircraft involved and pertinent traffic information is issued.

Two runways that are not parallel and do not overlap or intersect one another.

Non-Intersecting Runways

Occur whenever the course of one aircraft differs from the other by at least 45 degrees.

Diverging Runways

The highest point of an airports usable runway measured in feet from the mean sea level.

Field Elevation