quizlet.com/477592143/ch-1-the-study-of-life-openstax-concepts-of-biology-flash-cards/?i=2jfoyc&x=1jqt

Viruses

Not technically alive.

Properties of Life

1. Order

2. Sensitivity or response to stimuli

3. Reproduction

4. Adaptation

5. Growth and Development

6. Regulation

7. Homeostasis

8. Energy processing

Homeostasis

Stability

Ways of capturing/obtaining energy

1. From the sun

2. From food

Atom

The smallest and most fundamental unit of matter (that makes up living and nonliving things).

Molecule

At least two atoms held together by a chemical bond (and also make up living and nonliving things).

Macromolecules

Large molecules that are made by combining smaller pieces together.

Example of a macromolecule

DNA

Organelles

Mini organs that perform specialized functions in cells.

Cell

The smallest unit of life.

Organism

An individual living entity

Eukarya

Larger, more complex cells and organisms whose DNA is enclosed in a nucleus

Archaea

Smaller, simpler cells that live in extreme environments and have DNA, but it is not inside a nucleus

Bacteria

Smaller, simpler cells such as bacteria that have DNA, but no nucleus.

Eukaryotic organisms

Fungi, plants, animals, protists

Molecular biologist

Studies biological processes at the molecular level, ex. DNA

Microbiologist

Studies microorganisms, which are typically single-celled

Neurobiologist

Studies the nervous system

Paleontologist

Studies fossils and life's history

Zoologist

Studies animals

Botanist

Studies plants

Biotechnologist

Applies knowledge of Biology to make useful products

Ecologist

Studies interactions of organisms in their environments

Physiologist

Studies the workings of cells, tissues, and organs

Forensic Scientist

Applies science to answer questions related to the law

Science

Knowledge about the natural world.

What science cannot answer

Moral, aesthetic, or spiritual questions

Scientific Theory

Long-standing hypothesis

Inductive reasoning

A form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion.

Deductive reasoning

A form of logical thinking that uses a general principle or law to forecast specific results.

Descriptive Science

Aims to observe, explore, and discover.

Hypothesis-based Science

Begins with a specific question or problem and a potential answer or solution that can be tested.

Observation (often a problem to be solved)

What the scientific process typically starts with

Question

What the scientific process leads to after observation.

Testable and falsifiable

What a hypothesis must be

Falsifiable definition

A hypothesis that can be disproven by experimental results.

Variable

Any part of the experiment that can vary or change during the experiment.

Control

Part of the experiment that does not change.

Steps of the Scientific Method

1. Make an observation

2. Ask a question

3. Form a hypothesis that answers the question

4. Make a prediction based on the hypothesis

5. Do an experiment to test the prediction and analyze the results

6. Report the results

Basic Science

"Pure" science that seeks to expand knowledge, i.e., knowledge for knowledge's sake

Applied Science

"Technology" that aims to use science to solve real-world problems.

Reporting Scientific Work

Important so that scientific discoveries can be known, tested by others, and the work built upon.

Peer-review

Important because it keeps scientists honest by ensuring studies are original, significant, logical, and thorough.