Amsco AP world 6.4-6.5

Subsistence Farming

A type of farming where people grow only enough food to eat and survive, with no surplus for sale.

Cash Crops

Crops grown for commercial value rather than for personal use, such as tea, cotton, and coffee.

Export Economies

Colonies that provide raw materials to be manufactured and shipped elsewhere.

De Beers Mining Company

Founded by Cecil Rhodes in the late 19th century, it became responsible for 90% of the world's diamond production by 1891.

Apartheid

A system of institutionalized racial segregation that was implemented in South Africa partly due to Cecil Rhodes's policies.

Monocultures

Agricultural practice of growing a single crop, leading to decreased soil fertility and increased vulnerability to pests and diseases.

Economic Imperialism

A situation where foreign business interests hold significant economic power and exploit natural resources outside their own borders.

East India Company

Established in 1600 by the British to trade in spices, this company later dominated the cotton and silk textile trade.

Culture System

A system imposed by the Dutch East India Company on farmers in the Spice Islands, requiring them to grow cash crops or work in government fields.

Opium War

A conflict between Britain and China, sparked by the British trade of opium, leading to significant territorial and economic concessions by China.

Treaty of Nanking

Treaty that ended the Opium War, forcing China to open more ports and cede Hong Kong to Britain.

Spheres of Influence

Regions in China where specific foreign nations had exclusive trading rights.

Gold Coast

A region in West Africa, now Ghana, known for its cocoa production.

Banana Republics

Small Central American countries that are politically unstable and economically dependent on foreign corporations.

Ivory Coast

A region in West Africa named for the trade in ivory and enslaved people, significant for its historical economic exploitation.

Guano

Fertilizer made from bat and seabird guano, mined in Peru and Chile.

Cecil Rhodes

A British businessman who founded De Beers Mining Company and sought a railway from Cape Town to Cairo.

Charles Goodyear

Inventor known for developing the vulcanization process, which was crucial for rubber production.

Palm Oil

Used for lubricating machinery and making candles, it was primarily produced in West Africa.

Economic Dependency

A condition in which an economy relies heavily on a single export or limited resource, often due to imperialist influences.

Industrial Revolution

A period of major industrialization that transformed economies from agrarian to industrial, influencing imperialist expansion.

United Fruit Company

An American company that played a significant role in the economic and political systems of Central America through banana plantations.

Hawaii Annexation

The process by which the United States overthrew the Hawaiian monarchy and annexed the islands in 1898.

Economic Exploitation

The act of utilizing resources or labor from a region or its people for profit, typically by foreign powers.

Cacao

The major cash crop for the Gold Coast, which became a leading producer worldwide.