lactation part 2

sore nipples

second highest reason mothers list for discontinuing breastfeeding, milk discomfort is common, may be prevented by proper positioning of baby on breast, lactation consultant

letdown failure

not common, when the milk does not eject from the breast, oxytocin nasal spray, relaxation techniques

hyperactive letdown

streams of milk come from the breast, may cause infant to choke, mom can express milk until flow slows and allow infant to nurse

engorgement

breasts overfilled with milk, results when supply and demand isn’t established and milk is abundant, nurse frequently, donation

plugged duct

caused by milk staying in ducts, painful knot may form in breast, warm compress, complete emptying of the breasts

low milk supply

most common reason for stopping breastfeeding

breastfeeding and HIV infection

HIV can be transmitted through breast milk, US has safe water and formula, in developing countries water pollution makes formula more dangerous

alcohol and breastfeeding

levels of alcohol in breast milk is same as in maternal plasma, 1 drink clears in 2-3 hours

alcohol effects

decrease oxytocin levels, affects odor of milk, decreased volume of milk consumed by infant (could cause growth problems), change in infants sleep patterns

nicotine and breast feeding

second hand smoke, lower milk outputs, recommend breastfeeding and delay feeding

marijuana

THC transfers though breastmilk and is absorbed by infant, stop during lactation

caffeine and breast feeding

Level in breast milk is only 1% of that in mother’s placenta, may cause hyperactivity and fussiness of infant, moderation and monitor infant

breastfeeding multiples

can produce enough milk to nurse multiples, time and fatigue more of an issue than supply

milk pumps

cost, allows mom to pump milk and store, proper collection and storage of milk important, private place to pump

milk banking

provide human milk to infants who cannot be breastfed by their mothers

breastfeeding promotion, facilitation and support

education, peer counselor and peer group discussions, lactation support in hospitals

is baby getting enough milk

6 wet diapers, 3-4 stools per day, monitor weight