Exam 1 PNVN 1111 Study Guide

Know major contribution of Florence Nightingale to the development of modern nursing

First nursing theorist, Significantly lowered mortality rates by improving sanitary conditions, established the Nightingale Training School at St. Thomas Hospital in London in 1860

Radiologist Technician (xray technician)

Responsible for bringing the x-ray equipment to the patient and taking the xray film

Term Initial vs. Ongoing Assessment

Something that comes for the first time, like an initial assessment, is usually the responsibility of the RN, while the LVN assists with ongoing assessments

Know aspects of TEAM Nursing (SATA)

Goals can be achieved through group action, Clients are divided into small groups, and a team leader (RN) leads a group of LVNs and NAs, The team leader has the final responsibility for planning, coordinating, and evaluating the care for each client, An integral part is the daily team conference where members share information and solve client problems

Level 1 of Blooms

Knowledge

Level 2 of Blooms

Comprehension

Level 3 of Blooms

Application

Level 4 of Blooms

Analysis

Definition of Level 1 Blooms Knowledge

The lowest level; the ability to recall and repeat memorized information (e.g., repeating a normal lab value

Definition of Level 2 Blooms Comprehension

The ability to basically understand information, recall it, and identify examples (e.g., grasping the meaning of material)

Definition of Level 3 Blooms Application

The ability to use learned material in new situations (e.g., using classroom knowledge in clinical practice)

Definition of Level 4 Blooms Analysis

The highest level; the ability to break down complex information into basic parts and prioritize what is most important to the big picture

Understand the statement best describing the dependent role of the LPN/LVN?

The LPN/LVN role is basically a dependent role because they never function independently; they provide care in basic and complex situations under the general supervision of an RN or physician

Identify the LVN scope of practice from various examples, what process is fundamentally dependent

The LPN/LVN scope involves collecting data (ongoing assessment), performing nursing interventions, and assisting in the planning and evaluation of care. The LVN is fundamentally dependent on the RN for the initial baseline assessment and the establishment of the nursing diagnosis

Which statement shows the student correctly understands the LPN/LVN role?

Assisting with ambulation (if the client is stable), recording vital signs, and reinforcing teaching about movement restrictions initially provided by the RN

Understand the LVN role when assessing an unstable patient

Collect data and notify the RN or healthcare provider immediately. They should not delegate tasks for unstable residents to unlicensed personnel

Statement best reflecting (Flo) Florence’s impact on nursing

Nightingale transitioned nursing from an occupation to a profession

RN Independent

Initiating and carrying out nursing activities (e.g., deep breathing, leg exercises) based on their own assessment and judgment

RN Interdependent

Carrying out the legal orders of another health professional (e.g., physician or PT)

LVN Dependent

Following the established care plan and nursing diagnoses created by the RN

LVN Interdependent

Collaborating with the RN to meet client goals, such as assisting with data collection and reinforcing teaching

Level 1 of Critical Thinking Process

Identify Outcomes

Level 2 of Critical Thinking Process

Identify Knowledge

Level 3 of Critical Thinking Process

Determine the time

Level 4 of Critical Thinking Process

Consider Resources

Term Nurse Practitioner (NP)

An advanced practice RN (typically with a Master’s or Doctorate) who can function in an autonomous manner, conduct exams, and, depending on state laws, prescribe medication

Term Physician Assistant (PA)

A health care provider who works in collaboration with a physician to perform activities like prescribing medication

Term Respiratory Therapist (RT/RRT)

A professional who evaluates a client’s respiratory status and suggests treatments to prevent or treat respiratory problems

Term Radiologist

A medical doctor specialized in reading and interpreting x-ray films and diagnostic images

Know changes in 21st century that have influenced the demand for LPN/LVNs? (SATA)

An aging population (baby boomers reaching retirement), Increasing client acuity (patients in hospitals are more seriously ill), Hospital staffing and hiring preferences (e.g., favoring BSN-prepared nurses in acute care)

What is the FIRST action the nurse should do when starting the patient teaching process to get them walking?

The nurse must first assess the client’s current knowledge, readiness to learn, and physical ability to perform the task

Which event (historically) demanded increased number of LVN programs

A sharp increase in practical nursing programs between 1948 and 1954 was attributed to the increased demand for nursing services during World War II and the postwar years

Understand appropriate tasks for UAPs (SATA)

Assisting with ADLs (bathing, grooming, dressing), Feeding and hydration of stable patients, Measuring and recording intake and output, Recording vital signs, height, and weight, Simple restorative skills like transfer and range of motion

Explain differences in nursing scope of practice, and how the team functions

The team functions collaboratively, but roles are distinct. The RN (team leader) handles complex tasks, initial assessments, and planning. The LVN provides bedside care and assists in interventions. The UAP/NA performs routine hygiene and comfort tasks under the direction of the RN or LVN

Responsibilities of Students

Responsible for giving safe nursing care under the supervision of clinical instructors

Responsibilities of Assistant Personnel (AP/UAP/NA)

Trained to function in an assistive role to RNs and LVNs, performing routine, noncomplex tasks like ADLs

Responsibilities of LVN/LPN

Provides care in basic and complex situations under general supervision; assists with the nursing process

Responsibilities of RN

Direct health care provider who coordinates all activities of care, performs specialized judgment, and acts as a client advocate

Understand the LVN interdependent role regarding interventions to prevent immobility risks

The LVN assists the RN by carrying out planned nursing interventions that the RN developed to address the patient’s risk for immobility. The LVN's actions must be in alignment with the established plan of care to ensure consistency and decrease risk to the patient

Know work setting most commonly employs LPN/LVNs according to workforce data

Nursing home/extended care facilities are the most common work setting, representing approximately 31.7% of the LPN/LVN workforce

Know which functions are appropriate for an LPN/LVN working in a long-term care facility as a charge nurse (SATA)

Evaluating work performance of nursing assistants, Assigning tasks to nursing assistants based on their job descriptions, Interpreting facility policies and state/federal guidelines for employees, Coordinating nursing care by reporting conditions to the Director of Nursing

Scope of RN

Independent role; Responsible for initial assessment, formulating nursing diagnoses, and initiating all health teaching

Scope of LPN/LVN

Dependent/Interdependent Role; assists with all phases of the nursing process, bedside care, data collection, and reinforces teaching initially provided by the RN

Client in long term, increase in shortness of breath, what should the LVN do?

The LVN should collect data (e.g., take vital signs, pulse oximetry, assess lung sounds) and notify the RN or healthcare provider immediately

Term Registered Nurse (RN)

A direct health care provider who coordinates all activities of care, performs specialized judgment, acts as a client advocate, and has the ultimate responsibility for nursing care given

Term Nursing Assistant (NA)/Assistant Personnel

Trained to function in an assistive role to RNs and LVNs, performing routine, noncomplex tasks such as hygiene and ADLs

Term Clerk Receptionist (Unit Secretary)

Responsible for administrative and clerical duties such as compilation and maintenance of client electronic records, answering telephones, and scheduling lab tests or surgeries

Term Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse (LVN/LPN)

Provides care in basic and complex situations under the general supervision of an RN or physician, assisting with all phases of the nursing process

Care for client post surgery, which actions fall within LVN scope

Collecting data, Administering ordered medications and treatments, Performing dressing changes according to healthcare provider orders, Assisting with ambulation and position changes, Reinforcing health teaching initially provided by the RN, Reporting abnormal data or changes in condition to the RN or healthcare provider

Term Primary Nursing

A method where one RN (the primary nurse) is responsible for the care of a client 24 hours a day throughout their hospital stay, formulating the care plan and performing or delegating activities even when off duty

Term Functional Nursing

A task-oriented method modeled after industrial assembly lines where nursing tasks are divided among staff members (e.g., one person takes all vitals, another does all treatments)

Term Case Method (Total Patient Care)

A model where one nurse is assigned to one or two clients and is responsible for all aspects of their planning, organizing, and delivery of care during their shift

When assigned to a long-term care facility, which patient is most appropriate for an LVN?

The LVN is best assigned to patients in basic client situations, where clinical conditions are predictable and medical/nursing orders are not changing continuously. This includes stable, chronic patients or those requiring skilled nursing procedures that follow established protocols

Which tasks are appropriate for a new graduate LVN in a rehabilitation setting under interdependent functioning (SATA)?

Reinforcing patient teaching originally initiated by the RN or another specialist, Assisting with data collection (e.g., monitoring a client's progress toward goals), Carrying out the legal orders of another health professional, such as a physician or physical therapist, Implementing interventions that were jointly decided upon by the healthcare team

Understand role/ responsibility when facing unstable patient

The LVN must personally assess the resident, collect data immediately, and notify the RN or healthcare provider without delay. The LVN should not delegate tasks for unstable residents to unlicensed personnel

Term Associate Degree Nursing (ADN)

A 2-year educational program, often found in community or technical schools, that prepares students to take the NCLEX-RN exam

Term Primary Nursing

RN bedside nurse coordinates care 24/7 for a specific patient

Term Team Nursing

Introduced after WWII; RN team leader coordinates a diverse group (LVNs, NAs) to achieve goals via group action

Term Functional Nursing

Task-oriented division of labor focused on efficiency (e.g., "the medication nurse" or "the treatment nurse")

A new LVN is caring for a patient with stable heart failure; which tasks assigned by the RN fall within the scope of an LVN?

Taking accurate vital signs, Recording intake and output, Performing physical data collection (e.g., checking for edema or listening to lung sounds), Administering prescribed medications safely, Reinforcing dietary teaching provided by the RN

Understand effective teaching (interdependent role), Client that is little unstable, support RN’s teaching, reinforced teaching, therapeutic communication

In most states, the LVN’s role is to support and reinforce teaching done by the RN or healthcare provider. They use therapeutic communication—such as active listening and clarifying—to ensure the client understands the information provided by the RN and to assess the client's readiness to learn

For a post-operative client with an established RN care plan, which behaviors fall within the LVN scope?

Assisting in the planning of care by suggesting revisions to the plan, Implementing planned nursing interventions, Assisting with the reevaluation of the patient's health state, Suggesting alternative interventions when necessary based on data collected

Client with new diagnosis with diabetes, what does a Pharmacist do

Prepares, compounds, and dispenses prescribed insulin or oral medications

Client with new diagnosis with diabetes, what does a Physical Therapist (PT) do

Develops an exercise program to improve health and circulation

Client with new diagnosis with diabetes, what does a Nurse Practitioner (NP) or Physician Assistant (PA) do

Conducts physical exams, diagnoses conditions, and prescribes medications/treatments

Client with new diagnosis with diabetes, what does a Registered Dietitian (RD) do

Evaluates nutritional status and develops a diabetic meal plan

Client with new diagnosis with diabetes, what does a Physician Assistant (PA) do

A health care provider who works in collaboration with a physician to perform activities like prescribing medication

Client with new diagnosis with diabetes, what does a LVN do

Reinforces teaching about blood glucose monitoring and administers medications

Scope of CNA/Nursing Assistant

Assistive role; performs routine ADLs and tasks delegated by the nurse

Scope of Student Nurses

Responsible for safe care while applying classroom theory to clinical practice under instructor supervision

Understand safety priority actions, AP doing something dangerous, what is your immediate action

The nurse must intervene immediately to ensure safety and potentially stop the task. Afterward, the nurse should provide correction and instruction to the nursing assistant

Understand differences in scope (nurses), Client asking why they see different types of nurses, why is there different types of ppl, understand why

The use of different types of nurses (RNs, LVNs, and APs) is known as a skill mix. This team approach allows for cost-effective care while ensuring that staff members with specific educational preparation meet the varying complexities of client needs

Understand scope and interdependent role, unstable pt, RN starts care, then assigns to me

Because the LVN never functions independently, they must collaborate with the RN. In an unstable situation, the RN leads the initial care and planning; the LVN then assists by performing specific interventions and collecting data to report back to the RN to help reevaluate the patient's condition

Theorist Florence Nightingale

The first nursing theorist who improved sanitary conditions and established the model for nursing education

Term Comprehension

The cognitive level representing the ability to grasp the meaning of material and identify examples

Term Advanced Practice Nurse

An RN who has pursued expanded roles (e.g., NP, CNS) through graduate-level education

Understand therapeutic response, what defines a therapeutic response in nursing communication?

A therapeutic response is part of an interaction that demonstrates caring, sincerity, empathy, and trustworthiness. It involves techniques like clarifying (verifying accuracy), reflecting (expressing client's feelings back to them), and active listening

Term Independent Role

Nursing activities initiated and carried out based on the nurse's own assessment and judgment (primarily RN)

Term Dependent Role

Functioning under the supervision or direction of another healthcare professional, such as a physician or RN

Term Interdependent Role

Collaborative functioning where the nurse carries out legal orders of another professional or works jointly with a team to meet client goals

Theorist Mary Seacole

(Historical figure listed as a key term in nursing evolution)

Theorist Lystra Gretter

The principal of Farrand Training School who wrote the Theorist Nightingale Pledge in 1893

Theorist Jane Delano

A nurse with the American Red Cross who began recruiting and training nurses for overseas duty during WWI

Understand scope LVN (SATA)

Practicing under the supervision of an RN or physician, Collecting holistic assessment data from multiple sources, Collaborating with the RN to plan and evaluate patient care, Implementing patient care by performing nursing interventions, Reinforcing health teaching for basic health habits, Maintaining a professional appearance and ethical behavior

Understand critical thinking behaviors (skills Which behaviors demonstrate critical thinking skills in a clinical setting?

Thinking with a purpose to decrease a client's anxiety, Recognizing when assessment data does not match (e.g., noting that an earlobe pulse oximetry reading doesn't match a patient's symptoms), Comparing findings to solve clinical problems, Prioritizing care based on identifying which symptoms are most important

Know historical timeline for LVNs development

1892 - The first school for training practical nurses opened in Brooklyn, NY (Ballard School), 1914 - Mississippi became the first state to pass a law to license practical nurses, 1948-1954 - A sharp increase in programs due to demand from World War II, 1955 - All states had passed licensure laws for practical/vocational nurses

Know scope for UAP, What tasks are within the scope of Unlicensed Assistive Personnel

UAPs are trained to perform routine, noncomplex tasks such as assisting with ADLs (bathing, feeding, grooming), measuring and recording intake and output, and recording vital signs, height, and weight for stable clients

Role of Occupational Therapist (OT)

Assesses clients and develops plans of care focused on rebuilding skills for activities of daily living (ADLs) and providing adaptive assistance to help patients achieve maximum independence despite physical limitations

What is the most appropriate action for an LVN when a 1-day post-op patient becomes acute while taking vital signs?

The most appropriate action is to collect the data and notify the RN or healthcare provider immediately. The nurse should stay with the resident to monitor the situation while ensuring help is on the way