AP prep english 10 SLO Test

evaluate

examine and judge carefully. To judge or determine the significance, worth, or quality of something; to assess

Analysis

The process or result of identify in the parts of the whole and their relationship to one another

Explicit

clearly expressed or fully stated in the actual text

Connotation

the range of associations that a word or phrase suggest in addition to its dictionary meaning

Irony

Incongruity between the actual result of a sequence of events and the expected results

inference

a judgement based on reasoning rather than a direct or explicit statement. a conclusion based on the fact or circumstances

tone

the attitude of the author toward the audience, characters, subject, or the work itself

Refutation

countering of anticipated arguments

Juxaposition

placing one thing adjacent to each other, comparison, contrast

Rhetoric

the art and study of effective writing and speech

Clause

a group of words containing at least one paired subject and predicate

Diction

Specific word choices an author makes to persuade or to convey tone

ex. "She began imitating his careful diction.""

Phrase

A group of words that do not contain at least on paired subject and predicate

Ethos

mode of persuasion requiring speakers to establish their credibility, skill, or morality on a given subject to an intended audience

Pathos

Mode of persuasion speakers use when appealing to the various emotions of the audience, including fear, inspiration, intimidation, idealism, anger, nostalgia, despair, optimism, ect.

Logos

Mode of persuasion speakers use when appealing to the audience's ability to distinguish, through discourse, the difference between what is reasonable or unreasonable

evidence

Proof coming from sources, fieldwork and research that validates any logical support of an argument.

reasons

Statements of logic that that offer support for an argument

comma splice

a type of run on sentence in which the writer has erroneously placed only a comma between two independent clauses. resulting in a failure to link the two according to grammatical convention

claims

any statements of belief that can be contested; argument

claim of value

a statement made to show that something is moral or immoral

fallacy

rationales for claims that might seem reasonable, but are actually unsound - and usually false

claim of policy

a statement made to endorse specific courses of action

claim of fact

a statement made to verify the authenticity of something

fused sentence

a type of run-on sentence in which the writer has failed to make any attempt either to link or separate two independent clauses, utilizing neither punctuation, nor conjunctions

loose sentence

a sentence structure in which a main clause is followed by subordinate phrases and clauses

parallelism

the similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words phrases, or clauses

periodic sentence

a long and frequently involved sentence, marked by suspended syntax, in which the sense is not completed until the final word

ambiguity

two or more possible meanings

concession

an argument strategy by which a speaker or writer acknowledges the validity of an opponent