unit 1.2

cell structure and organisation

Label

1- nuclear pore

2- chromatin

3- nucleolus

4- nuclear envelope

Label

1- mitochondrion

2- cristae

3- matrix

Label

1- stroma

2- thylakoid

3- chloroplast

4- granum

Thylakoid function in chloroplasts

Site of photosynthesis

Label

1- rough er

2- ribosomes

3- smooth er

Name this

Golgi body

nucleus functions 

 houses genetic material 

nuclear pore function

lets relatively large molecules through (lets DNA but not mRNA)

what is chromatin

consists of DNA and proteins- loose and unraveled

nucleolus function

makes RNA + ribosomes

mitochondrion inner membrane function

covered in enzymes that catalyze reactions of aerobic respiration to produce ATP

what are mitochondrion cristae

folded membrane reacting glucose to release oxygen

why are mitochondria a different shape/ size? 

the organelle might be a different age or cut in a different plane

ribosomes function

site of protein synthesis

ribosomes size- eukaryotic cell

80s

golgi body function

receives proteins and modifies them and packages them into vesicles and transported away

lysosomes function

contain digestive enzymes to break down materials 

smooth er

invloved in making lipids

rough er function

studded with ribosomes + transports protiens made on them

microtubules function

gives cell structure support as part of the cytoskeleton

what are centrioles 

bundle microtubials that pull chromosomes apart (helps in organising cell divison)

membrane of the vacuole name

tonoplast

fluid inside vacuole is a

watery solution

permanent vacuole function

keeps the cell firm- makes it turgid

pores that run between the cell wall are called 

plasmadesmata

what is a cell wall

a permeable wall that gives the cell support and structure

what are amyloplasts

• found in non-photosynthesis tissues

• synthesizes and stores starch as granules

what is a prokaryotic cell

• single celled organism

• no nucleus 

• no membrane bound organelles 

tissue definition

a group of similar cells to perform a particular function 

organ definition

different tissues grouped together to carry out specialized functions

system definition

several organs and tissues work together to carry out a particular set of functions in a coordinated way

what is endosymbiosis theory

theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts were formerly prokaryotes and were taken inside another cell as an endosymbiont

what is an endosymbiont 

an organism that lives within the body/ cells of another organism 

1cm in mm is

10mm

1mm in um is

1000 um

1um in nm is

1000 nm

magnification =

image size/ actual size (I AM)

ribosomes in prokaryotic cells size

70s

production of protein

DNA copied into mRNA- leaves through nuclear pore- attaches to ribosomes on rough er- instructions read and protein assembled- pinched off in vesicle- transported to golgi body- packaged and modified at golgi body- pinched off in vesicles- moved to cell surface membrane- secreted outside