________ are considered "complete "if they supply all essential amino acids in adequate amounts and "incomplete "if they do not.
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Dietary fiber
________: nondigestible carbohydrates that are present naturally in grains, fruits, legumes, and vegetables.
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legumes
Most animal proteins are complete; most plant proteins, such as ________ and nuts, are incomplete.
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essential nutrients
There are about 45 ________ that must be obtained from food.
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GMO
Genetically Modified Organism (________): In genetic engineering, genes in a plant, animal, or microorganism are added, rearranged, or replaced to change its characteristics.
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Macronutrient
________: include proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and water.
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Carbohydrate
________: supply energy to the brain, nervous system, and blood, as well as provide fuel for high- intensity exercise.
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Protein
________: form muscles and bones as well as parts of blood, enzymes, hormones, and cell membranes.
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Fat supplies
________ the most energy per gram (9 calories) followed by protein and carbohydrate (4 calories per gram)
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poultry
Meat, ________, fish, dried beans and peas, eggs, nuts, seeds, and processed soy foods.
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Hydrogenation
________: turns unsaturated fatty acids into more- solid fats to extend shelf life and prevent separation of fatty oil.
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Antioxidant
________: Free radicals, substances that damage cells and mutate genes, have been implicated in aging, cancer, and cardiovascular and other degenerative diseases.
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intestinal health
Psyllium: ________ and helps control glucose and cholesterol levels.
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Lacto ovo
________- vegetarian: eat plant foods, dairy products, and eggs.
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Protein
________: form muscles and bones as well as parts of blood, enzymes, hormones, and cell membranes.
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Micronutrient
________: vitamins and minerals needed by the body in very small amounts.
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liquid oil
It is done to transform ________ into margarine or vegetable shortening.
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chronic disease
Phytochemical: Antioxidants are a particular type of phytochemical, a substance found in plant foods that may help prevent ________.
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Minerals
________: Help regulate body functions, Aid in the growth and maintenance of body tissues, Help in energy release.
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Cruciferous vegetable
________: such as broccoli and cauliflower, contain sulforaphane which may render some carcinogenic compounds harmless.
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risk of heart
Reduced ________ disease, diabetes, and cancer, and plays an important role in gastrointestinal health and body weight management.
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Mineral
________: inorganic elements required in small amounts.
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refinement of whole grains
The ________ transforms whole- wheat flour into white flour, brown rice into white rice, etc.
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Amino acids
________ are the building blocks of proteins.
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Energy
________ is the capacity to do work; calories are used to measure ________.
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Whole grain
________: Before they are processed, all grains are whole grains consisting of the following: Germ (inner layer), Endosperm (middle layer), Bran (outer layer)
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Carbohydrate
________: 130 grams needed to meet dietary needs.
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Hydrogenation
________ also changes some unsaturated fatty acids to trans fatty acids.
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Essential nutrients
________: body requires six classes of ________- proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and water; about 45 ________.
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Energy
________: amount of energy in food is expressed in kilocalories (kcal)
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Carbohydrate
________: supply energy to the brain, nervous system, and blood, as well as provide fuel for high- intensity exercise.
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Essential nutrients
body requires six classes of essential nutrients-proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and water; about 45 essential nutrients
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Macronutrient
include proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and water
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Micronutrient
vitamins and minerals needed by the body in very small amounts
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Energy
amount of energy in food is expressed in kilocalories (kcal)
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Protein
form muscles and bones as well as parts of blood, enzymes, hormones, and cell membranes
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Hydrogenation
turns unsaturated fatty acids into more-solid fats to extend shelf life and prevent separation of fatty oil
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Trans fatty acid
hydrogenation changes unsaturated fatty acids to trans fatty acids
supply energy to the brain, nervous system, and blood, as well as provide fuel for high-intensity exercise
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Fat
most concentrated source of energy; they represent stored energy and provide insulation and support for body organs
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Dietary fiber
nondigestible carbohydrates that are present naturally in grains, fruits, legumes, and vegetables
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Vitamin
organic substances required in small amounts to regulate various processes within living cells
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Mineral
inorganic elements required in small amounts
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Antioxidant
Free radicals, substances that damage cells and mutate genes, have been implicated in aging, cancer, and cardiovascular and other degenerative diseases
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Phytochemical
Antioxidants are a particular type of phytochemical, a substance found in plant foods that may help prevent chronic disease
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Cruciferous vegetable
such as broccoli and cauliflower, contain sulforaphane which may render some carcinogenic compounds harmless
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Vegetarian
severely restrict or totally eliminate foods of animal origin from their diet
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Vegan
eat only plant food
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Lacto-ovo-vegetarian
eat plant foods, dairy products, and eggs
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Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)
In genetic engineering, genes in a plant, animal, or microorganism are added, rearranged, or replaced to change its characteristics
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Protein
form muscles and bones as well as parts of blood, enzymes, hormones, and cell membranes
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Carbohydrate
supply energy to the brain, nervous system, and blood, as well as provide fuel for high-intensity exercise
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Fat
most concentrated source of energy; they represent stored energy and provide insulation and support for body organs
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Protein
0.8 gram per kilogram of body weight
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Carbohydrate
130 grams needed to meet dietary needs
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Fruits, legumes, oats, and barley
lower blood glucose and cholesterol levels
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Wheat, other grains and cereals, and vegetables
cellulose and other fiber that helps prevent constipation
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Psyllium
intestinal health and helps control glucose and cholesterol levels
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Vitamins
organic substances required in small amounts to regulate various processes within living cells
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Minerals
Help regulate body functions, Aid in the growth and maintenance of body tissues, Help in energy release
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