Unit 1: Body Organization and Physiology Study Guide

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Last updated 2:27 AM on 8/27/26
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18 Terms

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Levels of Organization
The sequential arrangement of living things from smallest to largest: Chemistry, Cells, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism.
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Necessary Life Functions
Essential functions for living things including maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, and growth.
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Survival Needs for Living Things
Vital requirements including nutrients, oxygen, normal body temperature, water, and normal atmospheric pressure.
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Carbohydrates
Organic molecules that serve as a primary source of chemical energy, including sugars and starches.
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Proteins
Large molecules that act as structural elements, enzymes, and carriers, examples include membrane proteins, catalase, antibodies, and hemoglobin.
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Lipids
Fatty molecules that store energy, regulate hormones, transmit nerve impulses and cushion organs, such as cholesterol and adipose tissue.
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Nucleic Acids
Molecules that store and carry genetic information, mainly DNA and RNA.
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Integumentary System
Body system that protects the body, regulates temperature, and prevents water loss with organs including skin, hair, and nails.
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Skeletal System
System providing support and protection, giving shape to the body, consisting of bones and joints.
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Muscular System
System responsible for movement of the body, involving skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles.
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Nervous System
System responsible for detecting impulses from senses and controlling center functions, including the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
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Endocrine System
System that secretes hormones, involving glands like the pancreas, pituitary, and thyroid.
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Cardiovascular System
System responsible for transporting nutrients and gases around the body, consisting of the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
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Lymphatic System
System that fights infection and provides fluid for cells, including lymph vessels, nodes, and spleen.
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Respiratory System
System that facilitates gas exchange, primarily involving the lungs.
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Digestive System
System that breaks down food and absorbs nutrients using organs like the stomach, liver, intestines, and pancreas.
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Urinary System
System responsible for waste removal from blood, comprising kidneys and bladder.
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Reproductive System
System responsible for producing cells used in