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27 Terms
1
Virus
A non-cellular infectious agent composed of genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid.
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2
Virion
The complete, infective form of a virus outside a host cell, consisting of the viral genetic material and the capsid.
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3
Acellular
Referring to organisms or entities that do not consist of cells.
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4
Lytic cycle
The process by which a virus infects a host cell, replicates, and causes the cell to burst, releasing new virions.
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5
Lysogenic cycle
A viral replication process in which the virus integrates its genetic material into the host cell's genome, allowing it to replicate along with the host cell's DNA.
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6
Capsid
The protein shell that encases the viral genome and protects it.
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7
Prion
An infectious agent composed entirely of protein, capable of causing abnormal folding of normal cellular proteins.
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8
Viroid
A small infectious agent composed of a short strand of circular RNA which does not code for proteins and causes diseases primarily in plants.
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9
Obligate intracellular parasite
An organism that can only reproduce within a living host cell.
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10
Icosahedron
A common viral shape characterized by a polyhedral structure made up of 20 triangular faces.
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11
Genome
The complete set of genetic information in an organism, including all of its genes.
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12
Bacteriophage
A type of virus that specifically infects and replicates within bacteria.
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13
Zoonotic infection
An infectious disease that is transmitted from animals to humans.
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14
Envelope
A lipid membrane that surrounds some viruses, enabling them to evade the host immune system.
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15
Capsomer
Protein subunits that make up the capsid of a virus.
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16
Spike proteins
Proteins on the surface of some viruses that facilitate the virus's entry into host cells.
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17
Epidemiology
The branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases.
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18
Antigen
A substance that induces an immune response, often associated with the ability to provoke antibody production.
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19
Transduction
The process by which viruses introduce new genetic material into a host cell.
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20
Replication fork
The area where the DNA double helix is unwound to allow for replication.
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21
Endocytosis
The process by which a cell engulfs external substances, allowing viruses with an envelope to enter the cell.
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22
Pathogenicity
The ability of an organism to cause disease.
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23
Host cell
A living cell in which a virus or parasite reproduces.
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24
Symptoms
Physical or mental features that are regarded as indicating a condition of disease.
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25
Pathogen
An organism that causes disease, particularly a virus, bacterium, or other microbe.
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26
Chaperone proteins
Proteins that assist in the correct folding and assembly of other proteins.
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27
Misfolding
The incorrect folding of proteins, which can lead to functional abnormalities and diseases.
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