macromolecules

what type of macromolecule is this?

• contain sugar starch and cellulose

carbohydrates

what type of macromolecule is this?

• has CHO structure

carbohydrates

lipids

what type of macromolecule is this?

• contains fats waxes fat soluable vitamins monoglyceride diglycerides phospholipids

lipids

what type of macromolecule is this?

• one or more long chains of amino acids

proteins

what type of macromolecule is this?

• contain structure “CHON”

proteins

what type of macromolecule is this?

• large biomolecule in all cells and viruses

nucleic acid

what type of macromolecule is this?

• contain sugar phosphate and nitrogenous base

nucleic acid

what type of macromolecule is this?

• contain structure “CHONP”

nucleic acid

molecule that can react with other polymers to form a large polymer chain

monomer

large polymers are called…

macromolecueles

covalent bonds that link monomers are called…

polymer

formed by endergonic removal of water molecule

covalent bond

formed by dehydration reaction

covalent bond

dehydration reactions require …

input of energy

covalent bonds are formed via…

dehydrated reactions

covalent bonds can be broken via…

hydrolysis

what is it called when two water molecules breka down covalent bond to form two products

hydrolysis

hydrolysis releases…

energy

what is the monomer of carbs

monosaccharide

glucose is classified as a…

monosaccharide

glucose plays a critical role in …

cellular resp

what produces ATP…

glucose

two monosaccrides put together is called a…

disaccharide

many monosacchrides put together is called a …

polysacchride

what type of carb is glycogen …

polysaccharide

what is used to store energy

glyocgen polysaccharide

when energy is needed, glycogen is…

hydrolized into glucose

what do plants use as long term storage of carbs

starch

if it ends in “-ose” its a

carb

carb that is found on cell membrane and functions in cell recognition

oligosaccharides

what shape type of carbohydrates form structures

linear carbohydrates

what shape type of carbohydrates function as energy storage

branched carbohydrate

what shape are cellulose and chitin …

linear carb

what shape are glycogen and amylopectin

branched carb

what type of carb forms plant cell wall

cellulose

what type of carb forms fungi cell walls

chitin

what carb preforms cellular respiration to make ATP

glucose

what are the three types of lipids

triglyceride

phospholipid

steroid

do lipids have monomers?

no

what are lipids made out of

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains

sugar compound that serves as a backbone for triglycerides and phospholipids

glycerol

molecule formed long hydrocarbon chain with carboxylic acid group on one end

fatty acid

what is the structure of a fatty acid

hydrocarbon chain with carboxylic acid group on one end

lipids are hydrophobic or hydrophilic

hydrophobic

lipids are polar or non polar

non polar

lipids cell membrane is composed of..

phospholipids arranged in phospholipid bilayer

what type of lipids function as long term energy storage

triglycerides

what macromolecule provides insulation

lipids

what are the two types of insulation that lipids provide

• electrical insulation

• temperature insulation

what type of insulation is this an example of?

• myelin sheath surrounding axon

electrical insulation

what type of insulation is this an example of?

• enhances speed of electrical transmission

electrical insulation

what type of insulation is this an example of?

• thick layer of blubber in marine animals

temperature regulation

hormones are managed by which macromolecule

lipid s

what kind of lipid does this describe:

• found in oil butter or meat

fats

what kind of lipid does this describe:

• long fatty acid chains connected to alcohol

waxes

what kind of lipid does this describe:

• two fatty acid chains attached to a phospholipid molecule

phosphlipid

what kind of lipid does this describe:

• four ring structure

steroids

what kind of lipid does this describe:

• includes cholesterol sex hormones hormones of adrenal cortex

• and function as chemical messengers

steroids

what is the monomer of protein

amino acids

amino acids are held together to form proteins via…

peptide bonds

what type of bonds are peptide bonds

covalent bonds

what macromolecule is this associated with

• muscle tissue

protein

what macromolecule is this associated with

• hair follicle

protein

what macromolecule is this associated with

• collagen

protein

what macromolecule is this associated with

• enzymes

protein

what macromolecule is this associated with

• antibodies

protein

what macromolecule is this associated with

• most genes encode for….

protien

what is the monomer for nucleic acids

nucelotides

what macromolecule is this associated with

• DNA and RNA

nucleic acids

what macromolecule is this associated with

• contain genetic instructions necessary for introducing cellular activity

nucleic acids

(anabolic reaction or catabolic reactions)

• build longer more complex molecules

anabolic

(anabolic reaction or catabolic reactions)

• requires energy

anabolic

(anabolic reaction or catabolic reactions)

• larger molecules are broken down into smaller simpler molecules

catabolic

(anabolic reaction or catabolic reactions)

• releases energy

catabolic reactions

carbs need to undergo what process to provide cells with energy

oxidation

what type of bonds form lipids

C-H

what differentiates phospholipids and lipids

phospholipids have phosphate group instead of fatty acids

fat and oil are what category of lipid

glycerides

what forms a glyceride

fatty acid and glycerol

what happens during a condensation reaction

loss of water when two molecules join

amino acids are formed by what kind of bonds

amide

what group determines properties of a protein

R group

amide bonds are formed by what process

partial hydrolysis

what is the relationship between enzymes and substrates

certain enzymes only fit with certain substrates

reactants can also be called

substrates

in a hydrolysis reaction water is broken down into what two molecules

H+ and OH-

nucleic acids can be broken down into…

oligonucleotides

oligonucleotides are broke down into…

nucleotides

nucleotides are joint by what kind of bonds

phosphodiester bonds

what process synthesizes nucleotides for DNA and amino acids for proteins

nitrogen fixation

RNA that catalysis transfer of DNA genetic info to protein coded info

nucleic acid

what is the structure of a nucleotide

five carbon sugar + nitrogenous base + 1 or more phosphate