Sarah Michelle NP Review Study Guide Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards generated from the Sarah Michelle NP Reviews study guide covering core concepts in primary care board preparation.

Impetigo

A contagious bacterial skin infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, characterized by honey-crusted lesions.

Erythema Migrans

The characteristic bullseye rash precipitating from a tick bite in Lyme disease, treated with Doxycycline.

Actinic Keratosis

A precancerous, rough or scaly skin lesion caused by sun exposure that may lead to Squamous Cell Carcinoma if left untreated.

Koplik's Spots

Pathognomonic small red spots with blue-white centers found inside the mouth, associated with Measles (Rubeola).

Auspitz Sign

Pinpoint bleeding that occurs after scraping off a plaque in plaque psoriasis.

Koebner's Phenomenon

The development of skin lesions at sites of cutaneous trauma or injury, characteristic of conditions like psoriasis.

Arcus Senilis

A grey halo around the cornea caused by cholesterol deposits, considered a benign finding in elderly patients.

Pterygium

A benign, noncancerous triangular overgrowth of the conjunctiva that extends onto the cornea.

Pinguecula

A benign yellowish nodule or deposit on the conjunctiva that does not cross onto the cornea.

Presbyopia

Age-related loss of the eye's focal accommodation ability for near vision, classically described as feeling like arms are too short.

Wernicke's Area

The brain region responsible for language comprehension; damage results in receptive aphasia.

Broca's Area

The brain region responsible for speech production; damage results in expressive aphasia.

Trigeminal Neuralgia

Severe, sharp facial pain along Cranial Nerve V (CN V), classically treated first-line with carbamazepine (Tegretol).

Bell's Palsy

Unilateral facial paralysis involving inflammation of Cranial Nerve VII (Facial Nerve).

Cullen's Sign

Superficial edema and bruising around the umbilicus, indicating retroperitoneal hemorrhage or severe necrotizing pancreatitis.

Grey Turner's Sign

Ecchymosis or discoloration along the flanks, indicative of severe retroperitoneal bleeding or necrotizing pancreatitis.

Intermittent Claudication

Ischemic muscle pain or cramping during exertion that is relieved by rest, serving as the hallmark presentation of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD).

Raynaud's Phenomenon

An exaggerated vasospastic response of the extremities to cold temperatures or emotional stress, causing digital color changes.

CURB-65 Criteria

A clinical scoring rule (Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, Age $\ge 65$) used to determine hospital admission in community-acquired pneumonia.

Somogyi Effect

Rebound morning hyperglycemia triggered by unrecognized nocturnal hypoglycemia, managed by decreasing nighttime insulin.

Dawn Phenomenon

An early morning elevation in blood glucose caused by natural nocturnal surges of growth hormone and cortisol without preceding night hypoglycemia.

Thumbprint Sign

A lateral neck X-ray finding showing a swollen epiglottis, characteristic of acute Epiglottitis.

Steeple Sign

Subglottic tracheal narrowing seen on an anteroposterior neck X-ray in patients with Croup.

Phalen's Sign

A diagnostic maneuver for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome performed by holding the wrists in unforced flexion for $60$ seconds to reproduce numbness or tingling.

Tinel's Sign

A test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome where light percussive tapping over the median nerve elicits a tingling sensation in its distribution.

Molluscum Contagiosum

A viral skin infection causing smooth, dome-shaped, flesh-colored papules with central umbilication.

Cryptorchidism

A developmental condition where one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum, increasing future risk of testicular cancer and infertility.

Health Belief Model

A psychological model that explains and predicts health behaviors based on personal beliefs regarding health conditions and outcomes.