nazi germany

what year was the treaty of versailles?

1919

what were the terms of the treaty of versailles?

Land- 50% of coal land lost

Army- restricted to 100,000

money-6.6 million

blame- war guilt clause

what was the stab in the back myth?

germans believe the ‘november criminals’ has signed the armistice agreement and they could have continued fighting

what and when was the spartacist uprising

1918- communist uprising to rid the Weimar. leaders were rosa luxembourg and karl liebknecht- 16 died including the leaders

what and when were the kapp putsch

freikorps were not happy about the treaty of versailles. wolfgang kapp tried to overthrow the government. they were only successful for a few days

what year was hyperinflation and why?

1923. germany couldn’t afford the reparations so the french invaded the ruhr. this land was precious. german strikers went on strike. germany had no money and printed it. the money became worthless

how did stressemann solve the issues in germany?

introduced a new currency, the rentenmark. created the daws plan and the young plan. signed the locarno pact and kellogg-briand pact. joined the league of nations

what was the dawes plan?

1924, reparations were stages. money was loaned from america, almost $3 billion

what was the young plan?

1929, reparations were reduced from 6 billion to 1.85 million

what was the locarno pact?

1925, germany agreed to not alter their border and stick with the treatyt of versailles

what was the kellogg-brian’s pact

1928, signed with 64 nations, agreeing armies are only for self defence

how did life improve during the golden years, 1928

germany had the best paid workers in europe, 2 million new homes were built. unemployment benefits were created

what changed for women in the golden years?

women over 20 were give the vote. 32 women were in the reichstag. women were allowed freedoms. drank in public. 100,000 women teachers and 3000 women doctors

who are the SA?

the nazi parties protection squad. protected nazi speakers and disrupted communist meetings

what was the twenty five point point programme

the nazis promises such as, a union of a great germany and getting rid of the treaty of versailles

when was the munich putsch

1923

what was the munich putsch

hitler and the sa burst into a beer hall to capture the leader of a region of germany. (kahr) they asked him to support the nazis. they then marched to munich

why was the munich putsch a failure?

the army was called. 16 died. hitler fled

what were the consequences of the munich putsch

hitler put in prison for 9 months. created the book: Mein Kampf

who was in charge of propaganda?

josef goebbels

what was the political deal?

hitler won 37% of the votes. van papen created a deal with Hindenburg. this agreed that hitler could be chancellor but von papen had to be vice

what year was hitler chancellor?

1933

what and when was the reichstag fire?

1933, a communist set fire to the reichstag. this act allowed hitler to get hindenburg to agree to emergency powers against the communists

what was the enabling act?

after the reichstag fire, hitler is able to make any law he wishes

what and when was the night of the long knives?

1934, hitler got rid of all major treats. 400 people were murdered, including the leader of SA Rohm

what year did hindenburg die?

1934

what year did hitler become further?

1934

what were the ss?

controlled by Hitler. 1934- 250,000 members

what was the gestapo?

another way hitler tried to control people. himmler’s secret police

how was the legal system used to control people?

police and courts ran by nazis so you could not get a fair trial. political prisoners were sent to concentration camps (150,000 in 1939)

when and what was the concordat?

1933. agreement between hitler and the pope. pope agreed to stay out of politics, hitler agreed to stay out of religion

what year did hitler close catholic schools?

1936

what was the reich church?

all protestant churches were combined under the reich church. they were ran by ludwig mulller

why was the confessional church created?

protestants were not happy about the forming of the reich church. set up their own confessional church. leaders were eventually arrested

how did goebbels control the media?

censored all books. nothing was published without goebbels approval.

how many owned a radio in 1939? why?

70% of households. radios were produced cheaply. this allowed households to hear the nazi message on the radio

what year was the berlin olmpyics?

1936. showed how impressive the aryan race was. this was sabotaged by jesse owen

who were the edweiss pirates?

loose band across many cities. listened to forbidden music. created anti-nazi graffiti. 1939 they had 2000 members.

what were the swing youth?

opposed to the swing youth by listening to forbidden music

what was the slogan for nazi women?

kinder, kirche, kuche. promoted traditional values of women

how did hitler try to encourage women to have more children for the army?

loans- 1000 marks

medals

propaganda

how did hitler succeed in keeping women at home raising children?

the unemployment rate increased from 4.25 million 1933 to 7.14 million in 1939

who were the hitler youth?

youth group for boys aged 14-18. encouraged healthy men that were ready for the army

how many members of the hitler youth in 1939?

7 million

what were the league of german maidens?

age 14-18. make women ready to be traditional women and ready for motherhood

failures of the hitler youth?

in 1939- 3 million had not joined. some found the drilling boring

what was the reich labour services (RAD)?

compulsory for men aged 18-25. 6 months carrying out manual labour jobs such as digging ditched

who were taken of the unemployment register

women and jews

how many jobs were created with rearmament?

1939- 26 billion marks spent on rearmament. all men aged 18-35 had to do 2 year military service (compulsory)

what was the strength through joy (kdf) ?

created for worked to help with their leisure time. concerts were arranged

what was the german labour front?

replaced trade union. did not allow workers to negotiate for better pay and hours

who were undesirable in nazi german?

homosexuals, disabled, gypsies, jews

what year was the nuremberg laws? what were they?

1935. jews are no longer german citizens

what was the kristallnacht?

night of the broken glass. jewish properties and synagogues smashed. 1938