Bio Exam 3 Study Guide( Plant Biology terms & Structure Terms)

Photophosphorylation

Making ATP using light enegry during photosynthesis

Calvin Cycle

Series of reactions that make sugar from CO2 in plants

Thylakoid

Membrane sacs in chloroplasts where light reactions happen

Grandma ( Grana)

Stacks of thylakoids inside a chloroplast

Stroma

Fluid inside a chloroplast where the Calvin Cycle happens

Photon

A tiny packet of light energy

Pigment

Molecule that absorbs light( like chlorophyll)

Carotene

Orange- yellow pigment that helps absorb light energy

( carrots)

Chlorophyll

Green pigment that captures sunlight for photosynthesis

Photosystem

Cluster of pigments that captures sunlight light energy in photosynthesis

Indeterminate growth

Growth that continues throughout life ( like in plants)

Cell

The basic unit of life

Tissue

A group of similar cells working together

Organ

Part of an organism that does a specific job

Organ system

Group of organs working together

Root system

All roots of a plant ( anchors plant, absorbs water)

Shoot system

Stems, leaves, and flowers( above ground)

Tap root

Main central root ( like a carrot)

Adventitious root

Roots that grow from stems or leaves not main root

Lateral root

Side roots that branch off the main root

Prop root

Supports the plant ( like in corn)

Pneumatophore

Roots that stick out of water for oxygen( mangroves)

Storage root

Stores food( carrots beets)

Anchor root

Keeps the plant in place

Stem

Supports leaves and transports nutrients

Node

Where leaves or branches grow from a stem

Internode

Stem part between two nodes

Axillary bud

Bud that can grown into a branch or flower

Apical Bud

Tip of a stem where new growth occurs

Rhizome

Underground stem for storage or spreading

Thorn

Sharp modified stem for protection

Stolen

Horizontal stem that grows above ground ( strawberries)

Tuber

Swollen underground stem for food storage ( potato)

Leaf

Organ that captures light and makes food

Blade

Flat part of the leaf

Petiole

Leaf stalk connecting the blade to the stem

Dermal tissues

Outer covering ( like plant skin)

Vascular tissues

Transports water and food ( xylem + phloem)

Parenchyma

Soft plant tissues for storage and photosynthesis

Collenchyma

Flexible support tissue

Sclerenchyma

Hard, rigid support tissue

Tracheid

Long, thin water-conducting cell

Vessel element

Wide water- conducting cell

Meristem

Growing part of a plant where cells divide

Apical meristem

At tip of roots and shoots, causes length growth

Lateral meristem

Adds thickness to stems and roots

Axillary meristem

Found in buds, can form branches or flowers

Vascular cambium

Adds new layers of xylem and phloem

Cork cambium

Forms outer bark

Cortex

Tissuse between outer layer and vascular tissue

Heartwood

Old, non-living xylem that gives strength

Sapwood

Newer xylem that carries water