Reactions of Aldehydes and ketones

What group does both aldehyde and ketone contain?

A carbonyl group, a carbon - oxygen double bond

Is the bond between the carbon - oxygen double bond polar?

Yes it's bond polar because oxygen is more electronegative than carbon

What are some examples of nuceophlie?

OH- / NH3 - / CN -

How does the bond change in a nucleophillic addition reaction

Double bond to single bond

When the carbonyl group of an aldehyde of ketone is attached by a nucleophile an addition reaction occurs and the carbon - oxygen bond becomes a single bond

Draw an example mechanism of enthanal plus Nu -

Reactions with HCN

What is form when hydrogen cyanide reacts with either aldehyde or ketone ?

Hydroxynitriles

Facts about CN

It’s a poisonous gas, carry in lab

KCN ver poisonous gas → safer to store as solid

How is HCN made ?

Made with in situ by KCN + HCl

Draw the mechanism of ethanol + KCN → ( HCl ) → CH3 - CH - ( CN ) & ( OH ) + KCl