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Cell Cycle
The series of stages that a cell goes through to divide and form new cells, including G1, S, G2, and M phases.
Mitosis
The process by which a cell divides its nucleus and genetic material to form two identical daughter cells.
Interphase
The phase of the cell cycle where the cell prepares for division, consisting of G1, S, and G2 phases.
M Phase
The phase of the cell cycle during which mitosis occurs.
Centrosome
An organelle that serves as the main organizing center for microtubules in the cell, crucial for cell division.
Microtubules
Cylindrical structures that help with the transport of substances within the cell and are essential for separating chromosomes during mitosis.
Chromatid
One of the two identical halves of a duplicated chromosome.
Kinetochore
A protein complex at the centromere of a chromosome that attaches to microtubules during cell division.
Anaphase
The stage of mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled apart and moved to opposite ends of the cell.
Telophase
The phase of mitosis where the chromosomes decondense, and the nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes.
Cytokinesis
The process that occurs at the end of cell division, where the cytoplasm divides and two daughter cells are formed.
Prometaphase
The stage of mitosis where microtubules attach to kinetochores and chromosomes begin moving.
Chromatin
The uncondensed form of DNA found in the nucleus during interphase.
S Phase
The phase of the cell cycle during which DNA is replicated.
G1 Phase
The first gap phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and performs normal functions.
G2 Phase
The second gap phase where the cell prepares for mitosis.
Astral
Microtubules that radiate out from the centrosome and anchor the spindle apparatus to the plasma membrane.
Cellular respiration
The metabolic process through which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
Checkpoint
Regulatory mechanisms in the cell cycle that ensure proper division and prevent errors.
