Unit 1- Meteorologists Toolkist

PST TO UTC

Add 8 hours (daylights savings, add one hour first)

PDT TO UTC

Add 7 hours

EST TO UTC

Add 5 hours (this has the added one hour)

EDT TO UTC

Add 4 hours

CST TO UTC

Add 6 hours (this has the added one hour)

CDT TO UTC

Add 5 hours

MST TO UTC

Add 7 hours (this has the added one hour)

MDT TO UTC

Add 6 hours

UTC TO MDT

Subtract 7 hours, then add an hour.

UTC TO MST

Subtract 7 hours

UTC TO EDT

Subtract 5 hours, then add 1 hour/ subtract 4 hours

UTC TO EST

Subtract 5 hours

UTC TO PDT

Subtract 8 hours, then add 1

UTC TO PST

Subtract 8 hours

UTC TO CDT

Subtract 6 hours, then add 1/ subtract 5 hours

UTC TO CST

Subtract 6 hours

Where is the UTC time zone located?

Greenwich, England along the Prime Meridian

What does UTC stand for and its other names?

Universal time coordinated. Zulu!!

How is UTC written?

In military time with no colon, z or utc at the end.

How long is a climate normal period?

A climate normal period is 30 years long

What climate normal period are we currently in?

The 1991- 2020 period

What is temperature measured in?

Fahrenheit

What is pressure measured in?

Millibars

What is wind speed measured in?

Knots

When converting TO UTC do you add or subtract?

add

When converting to standard time do you add or subtract

subtract

Meteorologist job fields

• Education and outreach

• Entertainment/athletics

• Energy

• Agriculture

• Aviation

• Insurance

• Emergency management and disaster planning

Troposphere

• First layer of atmosphere

• Weather we experience and 99% of all water vapor

• Temp and pressure DECREASES with height

• Tropopause- upper boundary

Stratosphere

• Temp INCREASES with height

• Planes may be able to fly in lower part

• 97% of all ozone

• Second layer

Mesosphere

• Third layer

• Where most meteors burn up

• Temp DECREASES with height

• Air pressure is less than 1% of MSLP

Thermosphere

• Fourth layer

• Very high temps 1000 degrees Fahrenheit

• Satellites and ISS

• Oxygen absorbs uv and warms layer

• Aurora borealis and australis (ionosphere)

Exosphere

• Fifth layer

• Upper limit

Primary gases of atmosphere

Nitrogen, oxygen, argon, neon

Variable gases

water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide

123 sea level pressure

1012.3 mb air pressure (place 10 in front if leading number is 0-4)

745 sea level pressure

974.5 mb air pressure (place 9 in front if leading number is 5-9)

isobars

constant pressure in intervals of 4 mb

show high and low pressure

isotherms

contours of constant temperature in intervals of 5 degrees

large gradients visually look like…

contour lines tightly packed together which show a large change over a small distance

large pressure gradient shows…

strong winds

large temperature gradient shows….

a presence of a cold or warm front