AOS2

How is crude oil formed

Crude oil is formed through the effects of heat and pressure on dead animals, plants and microorganisms trapped in the Earth’s crust, buried beneath sediment over millions of years

Alkane general formula

C(n)H(2n+2)

Alkane structure

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Alkene general formula

C(n)H(2n)

Alkene structure

Branched alkanes have…

Have hydrocarbon groups attached to the parent chain

* AKA alkyl groups
* Suffix ‘-yl’

Structural Isomers

Molecules with the **same molecular formula** but a **different structural formula**

* The more atoms in the molecule the more possible isomers there are

Unsaturated hydrocarbons

They do not contain the maximum amount of hydrogen

**Functional groups**

Atom or a group of atoms responsible for the characteristic chemical properties of a particular compound

Haloalkanes

### ==**general formula**==

**2(n)H(2n+1)X**, where X is a halogen atom

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### ==**halo prefix**es==

chloro-, fluro-, bromo- or ido- 

Producing haloalkanes from alkanes

* Substitution reaction
* A hydrogen in an alkane is substituted for a halo group
* Halogen molecule is a reactant
* UV light is required for the reaction to occur