U1 medicine - microbiology bacteria & diseases

gram positive cocci

streptococcus or staphylococcus

-pneumonia, pharyngitis (strep throat), cellulitis, abscess of skin and other organs

gram positive rods

spore forming rods --> aerobic/anaerobic

non spore forming rods --> filamentous/non filamentous

anthrax

Caused by Bacillus anthracis

-gram positive

-spore-forming rod

-aerobic

tetanus, gas gangrene, botulism

caused by Clostridium spp.

-gram positive

-spore forming rod

-anaerobic

diphtheria, meningitis

caused by gram positive, non spore forming rods

-non filamentous

bacteria: Corynebacterium, Listeria

actinomycosis, nocardiosis

caused by gram positive, non spore forming rods

-filamentous

bacteria: Actinomyces, Nocardia

gram negative cocci

Neisseria spp.

diseases: gonorrhea, meningitis

gram negative rods

-respiratory organisms

-zoonotic organisms

-enteric and related organisms

-curved

-aerobic

-anaerobic

respiratory organsmis

Genus: Haemophilus, bordetella, legionella

Representative diseases: meningitis, whooping cough, pneumonia

zoonotic organisms

Genus: Brucella, Francisella, Pasteurella, Yersinia

Representative diseases: Brucellosis, Tularemia, cellulitis, plague

enteric and related organisms

Genus: Escherichia, Enterobacter, Serratia, klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, Proteus

Representative diseases: urinary tract infection, diarrhea, pneumonia, enterocolitis, typhoid fever (Salmonella)

curved

Genus: Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Vibrio

Representative diseases: enterocolitis, gastritis (H. pylori), peptic ulcer (H. pylori), cholera (Vibrio cholerae)

aerobic

Genus: Pseudomonas

Representative diseases:

pneumonia, urinary tract infection

anaerobic

Genus: Bacteroides

Representative diseases: peritonitis

staphylococcus aureus

Causes: Toxic shock syndrome, food poisoning

Staph in blood: Sepsis, endocarditis (sticking to heart valves)

Causes valvular defect, leads to septic emboli: death by complications, causes an embolus that can cause septic stroke

streptococcus pyogenes

associated with: Pharyngitis (strep throat), Cellulitis, Scarlet fever, Necrotizing fasciitis, Toxic shock syndrome, Endometritis

Pharyngitis

Necrotizing fasciitis occurs when S. pyogenes is left untreated and the bacteria proliferates and can cause septic shock killing the person

gram negative cocci

Neisseria meningitis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Neisseria meningitis

meningococcal meningitis; common in youth and young adults

gram negative cocci

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

gonorrhea

gram negative cocci

purulent discharge, itching and burning

gram positive rods

Clostridium spp.

Clostridium tetani

Causes tetanus, which blocks release of inhibitory transmitters like glycine from the CNS

Clostridium botulinum

causes botulism

which causes an ACh blockage, causing paralysis

Clostridium difficile

C. diff

GI infection

When antibiotics wipe out normal flora C. diff infection can occur

gram negative rods

related to the enteric and respiratory tract

-vibrio

-salmonella

-escheria coli (UTIs)

mycobacteria

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

Mycobacterium leprae

Leprosy

spirochetes

Treponema - Syphilis

Borrelia - Lyme disease

Leptospira - Leptospirosis

treponema

causes syphilis

borrelia

causes lyme disease

leptospira

causes leptospirosis